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For professional school counselors and clinical mental health counselors to serve students with disabilities and adequately advocate within the comprehensive school and community contexts, they must first understand the legislation that exists. Congress set these legislations in place to protect the rights of students with disabilities and assure them access, inclusion, and a free and appropriate public education. This chapter includes a delineation of federal mandates and the identification, assessment, placement, services, and postsecondary transitions pertaining to this youth population. It presents myriad ways that counselors may promote the personal, social, emotional, academic, career, and developmental growth of children and adolescents with disabilities and those designated as gifted. Gifted students, like all others, reflect uniqueness and do not demonstrate giftedness in the same areas. In fact, sometimes, their gifts present in ways that schools do not always value. Our schools and communities need counselors to serve the needs of advanced and gifted students. The prosperity of our nations depends on this. Gifted students can be an asset or a detriment to themselves or our society if not properly cared for. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

“Gifted and Bullied: Understanding the Institutional Victimization of Identified, Unidentified, and Underserved Gifted Students” introduces a more-in-depth look at the relationship between giftedness and bullying. In this chapter, Collins expands discussion of victimization beyond peer-to-peer bullying to include institutional programmings’ role in creating isolating environments that foster this phenomenon. A current, public event and two case studies highlighting twice exceptional American boys are provided, and important implications, accountability, and recommendations for G/T administrators and educators are offered. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

“Covert Bullying in Education of Gifted Students at School” reminds the reader that gifted students have, does, and will always represent a small sub population of individuals within the school environment. The author offers facts and links between social dynamics and giftedness within the class setting that may not be explicit or readily detectable, and that can be as much as surprising for many readers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

In this chapter, the authors highlight that many gifted children and adolescents are targets of teasing and bullying more than peers with typical development. The initial findings from a case-study at LabTalento, The Italian Laboratory of Research and Development of Potential, Talent and Giftedness at the University of Pavia is presented. The authors affirm that typical risk factors for bullying victims are similar to many traits prevalent within the intellectually gifted population—gifted children are usually felt and perceived as different from their peers; often stand out as “quirky,” “strange,” or “weird,” and they may have unusual interests for their age that further isolate them. A call for further research and implications for practitioners are highlighted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

In this chapter, Gatto-Walden incorporates decades of qualitative research on therapeutic interventions with gifted children. She explains how distinctive traits of giftedness coupled with feelings of isolation distinguishes gifted children from their classroom peers, make it difficult to find and maintain friend ships, and become likely targets for antagonistic bullies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

“Gifted Bullies, Targets, and Bystanders: A Mental Health Perspective” introduces the characters and their roles in bullying within gifted programming. Peterson explains that due to the potential impact on the mental health of bullies, targets, and spectators, the bullying of and by gifted young people deserves attention. This chapter explores motivation and vulnerability; types and effects of bullying; prevention and intervention; and school responsibilities. Peterson points out attributes associated with giftedness that can con tribute to gifted students’ vulnerability to anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, and suicide. Legal options and example court cases are discussed as a last resort for addressing bullying. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

The physical, social, and emotional characteristics of any child or adult who is different from the majority of their peers is likely to result in misunderstanding or bullying. Bullying can occur in face-to-face situations, behind the backs of targeted individuals, or in more recent times, through what has been termed cyberbullying. Gifted students often stand out because of their academic superiority or their moderate to extreme sensitivity to issues, ideas, or situations. These young people often have deeper concerns about issues ranging from world problems such as world peace, climate devastation, and child labor to local situations such as unfairness on the part of a teacher or parent, unreasonable inflations of commonly purchased products, or even the act of bullying itself on the parts of classmates or others. Expressions of these sensitivities are often ridiculed by others in the form of name-calling, exclusion from social situations, lost friendships, or outright hostility on the parts of their peers. Very little empirical research has been conducted on the topic of gifted student bullying, but the personality characteristics of both the person being bullied and the perpetrator(s) of the bullying is a topic of much needed research. Gifted students often have highly focused interests, challenges, and concerns, and a values structure that may make them feel different from their peers; and any type of “difference” may result in bullying. The firsthand case studies and classroom experiences of the chapter authors provide invaluable insights about and guidance learned from the experiences of gifted young people who have been bullied or who have, on occasions, (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: foreword)

The interest in music and musical abilities of autistic children have been observed since the earliest descriptions of the condition. Music is a universal language known for millennia and music-based interventions including music therapy have found several applications in the fields of developmental psychology and mental health over the last decades. This group of complementary therapies aims to help the clients to optimize their health, using various facets of musical experience and the relationships formed through them. Several psychological theories and neurobiological models may explain the specific mechanisms through which music-based interventions work for autistic individuals. The present chapter aims to describe the sensorimotor, attentional, emotional, and social processes underpinning the potential effectiveness of music therapy in this population and to provide an overview of the most recent literature findings. At the end of the chapter, an account of the autistic giftedness and talent for music is presented. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: book)

Raising twice-exceptional kids is definitely next-level parenting, and there are no tutorials or easy levels to start. Just because a child is gifted doesn't mean they don't have other types of neurodivergenic, like ADHD, autism, dyslexia, and more. Conversely, even children with one of these diagnoses can be cognitively gifted. This book provides the reader with a road map to understand the complex make-up of their "gifted-plus", or twice-exceptional, child or teen. It helps the readers to understand their child's diagnosis, meet their social-emotional needs, build self-regulation skills and goal setting, and teach self-advocacy. It also shows them effective ways to collaborate with teachers and school staff, and it offers advice on finding strengths based strategies that support development at home. For too long, these kids have fallen through the cracks. The book provides key information on how to best support neurodivergent children by leveraging their strengths while supporting their struggles. It is sorted into four major sections. Part I of the book is all about understanding neurodiversity, giftedness, and twice-exceptionality. Part II of the book includes a parents' toolkit of strategies for the reader to consider as they support their twice-exceptional child. The topics in the parent toolkit section helps the readers to implement the strategies included in Part III. Finally, part IV wraps up with information about how to understand school options for their twice-exceptional child. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to investigate the perceptions, practices, and training of teachers when identifying and nominating students for gifted and talented education (GATE) programs. The study was conducted through the lived experiences and viewpoints of GATE teachers at 13 elementary schools in a suburban school district in Texas. The basis of this study stemmed from an equity audit that was conducted in 2018 to better understand the disproportionalities that existed in the district with minority and economically disadvantaged students. The audit revealed major disparities of African American students in the areas of gifted and talented services, enrollment in Advanced Placement (AP) and Pre AP-courses, Advanced Academics (dual credit), and Career and Technology Education (CTE). The theoretical framework that was used as a foundation for the study was multiple intelligences theory. The qualitative study consisted of teachers and a director's responses from one-on-one interview questions and additional comments provided during the video recordings. The coding of the data revealed three major themes during the interviews. The three major themes that were produced from more than 20 codes were perceptions, teacher training, and adjustment of policy and processes to practice. The findings disclosed the gifted and talented tests being used were exclusionary to particular subpopulations such as African American students, teachers and parents needed more training to understand the traits of giftedness, and teachers who activated the multiple intelligences of their students through high-quality instruction, culturally relevant teaching, and special interests benefited from more engaging classrooms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)

The research problem this study addressed was that general education teachers are struggling to meet the needs of gifted students with differentiated instruction at the middle school level. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to investigate middle school teachers' perceptions of differentiating instruction for gifted learners and any challenges or barriers the teachers may experience. Tomlinson's theory of differentiation was the conceptual framework for this study. The research questions addressed teachers' understanding of giftedness, preparedness to differentiate instruction for gifted students, strategies used for differentiating instruction for gifted students, and perceived barriers or challenges to differentiating instruction for gifted students. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and sentence completion with eight middle school teachers. Key thematic findings from the coding analysis included the participants' reports of understanding gifted learners' needs, varying levels of preparedness to differentiate, limited resources and strategies to differentiate, and the necessity for professional support to differentiate for gifted learners. These results informed the research questions by identifying the participants' understanding of characteristics of gifted learners and the specific needs a gifted learner might have. Most participants described their preparedness to differentiate as inadequate with little to no coursework during preservice training. The participants employed differentiation strategies based on the resources and experiences they have. Lastly, the participants reported a lack of materials, time, and professional development as barriers to implementing differentiation. Social change may be promoted by increasing teachers' knowledge and use of differentiation as a strategy to improve the educational experiences of gifted learners at the middle school level. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Administrators in school systems strive to ensure that the identification of giftedness in elementary students results in proportional demographic representation. Overly stringent or biased gifted identification results in deserving students receiving fewer opportunities-to-learn and exacerbates the excellence gap. My aim in this action research for transformation project was to utilize three complementary perspectives on the continuum of giftedness to generate a more representative pool of students who will be further screened and potentially offered the opportunity to participate in the gifted education programming in East Carolina County Schools. One perspective was provided by a nonverbal identification instrument, another perspective by the nonverbal form of a well-established test of academic ability, and the third perspective by a science-oriented, classroom-based instructional program. Teachers of Grade 3 and Grade 4 and their students at a rural, low socio-economic, and diverse elementary school participated in this three-month, school-based intervention to achieve proportional representation of Black and Hispanic students among those accepted into the gifted education program. As a result of my study, several modifications to current practice have been suggested and key questions for future research emerged. The combined role of one nonverbal assessment along with teacher observations proved partially effective. By further adding the identification of the top 10% in demographic groups, my study showed promise to achieving the goal of a truly level playing field. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

In spite of significant scholarly attention paid to the needs of intellectually Gifted students, programming and placement practices in publicly funded educational institutions in North America have remained stagnant in the 21st Century (Gallagher, 2015; see also Borders, Woodley, & Moore, 2014; Brown & Stambaugh, 2014; Gallagher, 2000). Critical disability theorists have made significant advancements toward more socially just systems of education for individuals with exceptionalities who have been stigmatized for their impairments by investigating the attitudinal, structural, and political barriers that create the disability of one's impairment. This research was poised to address the same social injustice of inaccessibility for a group of marginalized pupils with a bona fide exceptionality—Intellectual-Giftedness—in pursuit of intellectual accessibility. This social constructionist and interpretivist, Critical Narrative Inquiry (CNI) focused on the construction, deconstruction, and reconceptualisation of pedagogical responses to the needs of secondary Gifted learners in public education in Ontario, Canada. This study asked: What can we learn from the experiences of Gifted learners, teachers of the Gifted, and educational stakeholders about the programmatic and placement needs of high-ability learners in the current system? In what ways do their experiences contribute to our understanding of whether programmatic and placement practices have or have not evolved throughout history? How might ANT help us identify both the actors and assemblages that produce the current systems so that educators, policymakers, and system leaders are better positioned to respond to their contemporary needs?This dissertation is comprised of four chapters and four integrated articles that offer scholarly, methodological, and data discoveries at various phases along my learning journey toward identifying precisely what is preventing the intellectual accessibility in our classrooms and schools for our high-ability pupils. Together, these chapters and manuscripts embody my learning as both participant and researcher, from taking issue with the robust stagnation of the field of Gifted education to problematizing our varied approaches to meeting the needs of these pupils, as well as employing a novel methodological approach using complementary "show and tell" methods that drew upon material-semiotics and autoethnography, which gave rise to a more complex, more three-dimensional way of understanding the topography (Hamilton & Pinnegar, 2013) of this status quo phenomenon. A close and meticulous examination of the features, the different terrain, and the contours show exactly what and how this phenomenon is existing so we may engage in informed debate as to why we might be subscribing to a recycling of what Sayer (1992) calls "practically adequate" practices and discourses.This research contributes meaningfully to this renewed conversation around re-taking responsibility for our high-ability pupils in public education. I offer four calls to action for educational stakeholders and policymakers that must be implemented in order to disrupt the established status quo of programming and placement practices based on replicated policy that do not serve the contemporary needs of high-ability pupils today. This work has implications for the classroom and school levels, at system and governance levels, as well as for the fields of Gifted education and Disability Studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

The purpose of this quantitative study was to analyze the effect of school socioeconomic status, presence of gifted programs, and teacher's ethnicity on teachers' perception of their students' potential, giftedness identification, and administrative support in a suburban school system with a high representation of minorities and students who are culturally, linguistically, economically diverse. The participants in the current study consist of 293 teachers selected from a suburban school district located nearby a large metropolitan city in the northeastern part of the United States. The survey used in this study is a 47-item online instrument adapted from the Snapshot Survey of Gifted Programming Effectiveness Factors: Using the National Gifted Teacher Preparation Standards and NAGC Program Standards to Inform Practice. MANOVA analysis indicated that teachers' perceptions of giftedness were significantly different between schools of high poverty (Title 1), schools of low poverty (non-Title 1), schools with gifted programs, and teacher ethnicity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

High student mobility in some populations, coupled with an ever evolving and inconsistent conception of giftedness, has led to increasing numbers of students being labeled gifted in one location only to have that label taken away in another. This work examines the impact of gaining and losing the gifted label due to relocation on students' understanding of the their own identify as related to their understanding of their own intelligence, social interactions, and the development of their academic self-concept. The study was conducted as a collective of qualitative case studies utilizing narrative inquiry to elicit the participants lived experiences as students whose gifted status was rescinded due to a parent's military relocation. The data collected was analyzed using a thematic analysis method, as the analysis structured around the intersections of Foucault's (1988) technologies as a theoretical framework. This study shows that students believe they can earn the gifted label through hard work and effort, that social connections are built and maintained around the shared interests and values encouraged by the gifted label, and that academic performance is more strongly influenced by instruction and other school factors than gifted identification. The implications of these finding reveal the ways in which students work to exert power or control over the bestowment of the gifted label, power or control over the composition of social peer groups, and acknowledgement of whether the gifted label affords them educational opportunities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

This study explores how upper-grade elementary makers' spaces reveal creative thinking and critical thinking in identified and unidentified gifted students. It provides evidence that the situated learning context of makers' spaces elicit high-level motivation through constructionist practices and 21st century learning processes that leads to consistent application of creative thinking and critical thinking. The mixed-methods study incorporated surveys and interviews of educators who are invested in maker learning, observations of students during maker sessions, and analysis of photos, plans, and lesson provided by the educators. The findings indicate substantial perceived creative thinking in all students, more notably in gifted students who underperformed unidentified students on existing assessments. I argue that makers' spaces reveal multiple categories of giftedness in identified and unidentified gifted students, and that maker learning is an effective learning method for supporting at-risk students to provide life-skills and innovation opportunities for underserved populations. I propose a new identification category of giftedness, entrepreneurially gifted, which is revealed through making and the concept of maker confidence. I recommend that school and district policy implement makers' spaces and maker learning to prepare students to be college, career, and entrepreneurial-ready. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Students in the United States are not achieving in mathematics as indicated on the NAEP (2019) exams and other measurements of student achievement (NCES, 2019; OECD, 2019; O'Dwyer, et al., 2015). Mathematically gifted and promising students are especially impacted by this phenomenon, though it is not exactly known what factors contribute to successful teachers of these students. This phenomenological case study focused on the beliefs, instructional practices, and conceptual understanding of mathematics of five teachers in a public charter school for gifted students. Data sources collected included semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and questionnaires based on Swan's (2006) practices and beliefs research with effective mathematics teachers. To better understand these phenomena, two conceptions of giftedness served as the lenses for this study: Renzulli's Three-Ring Model (1978) and Gagné's Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent (1985). Using an interpretive phenomenological analysis several themes emerged in response to each research question. Findings for instructional practices indicated that teachers used both student-centered and teacher-centered practices and consistently utilized differentiated groupings. Additionally, teacher participants believe that gifted students possess both positive traits and challenges, and specifically for math, believe that sense-making is key, and math is a subject students should enjoy. Teachers also noted that school and home environments impact access to an equitable mathematics education for children. Teachers' conceptual understanding of mathematics is guided by their ongoing practice, the curriculum, and math experiences prior to teaching. These findings indicate the importance of ongoing training and professional development in mathematics and gifted education, as well as the recruitment and retention of teachers who possess a strong conceptual understanding of mathematics, a passion for the subject, and a student-centered approach to teaching. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

In Saudi Arabia, the teaching of gifted and talented students is relatively new, and research that describes the quality and effectiveness of teachers' gifted preparation programs and the training sessions they receive remain rather limited and inconsistent. Purpose: This dissertation focuses on understanding the perceptions and experiences of in-service teachers regarding gifted-focused preparation and training programs in the country. Research Design: Data were collected through observation and semi-structured interviews with teachers of gifted and talented students in the country. Findings: Analysis of the data revealed six themes related to teachers' perceptions and experiences of preparation and training programs in Saudi Arabia. These six themes are: the need for support and training, factors that affect teachers' participation, professional and personal growth, effective teaching skills, classroom management skills, a lack of systems and policies, accessibility issues, and lack of motivation. Although the MOE and Mawhiba Institute offer support and training opportunities for teachers of gifted students, the teachers clearly stated that these programs are still far from meeting their immediate needs. However, many teachers have a positive perception about the training sessions they received; their responses revealed that these sessions helped them develop their professional, personal, managerial, and teaching skills. The study also identified a lack of systems and policy, accessibility issues, and lack of motivation as challenges associated with gifted preparation and training programs. Significance and Implications: The study allowed teachers to voice their ideas, beliefs, and thoughts about gifted-related preparation and training programs in Saudi Arabia. The results also inform educational leaders, decision-makers, and gifted program directors about the quality and effectiveness of the efforts to improve teachers' knowledge and skills regarding giftedness and teaching gifted students in Saudi Arabia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Identifying students who are gifted with dyslexia (GWD) has presented a host of challenges to practitioners in school and clinic settings because these individuals possess both qualities of giftedness and learning difficulties, yet do not 'fit' in either category. The term "stealth dyslexia" was coined to indicate the presence of high abilities that may mask dyslexia traits, complicate diagnostic accuracy, and allow individuals to compensate for their weaknesses. The masking of reading difficulties can cause dyslexia to remain undetected in gifted children for a prolonged period of time which may leave them prone to academic disengagement.The present study provided an empirical examination of the patterns of academic strengths and weaknesses students with GWD. Using data from 98 clients from a private clinic, the scores of three different identified groups were compared: GWD, Gifted-only, and Dyslexia-only. A profile analysis, followed by post-hoc one-way ANOVAs, compared the groups across cognitive (WISC-V) and achievement (WIAT-III) measures. Results indicated that the cognitive scores of the groups varied from each other in the predicted patterns (i.e., higher verbal, abstract, and visual spatial reasoning) for Gifted-only and GWD, and lower cognitive efficiency (i.e., working memory and processing speed) for GWD and Dyslexia-only groups. Across achievement subtest variables, GWD scores were significantly above the Dyslexia-only students on all measures with the exception of Pseudoword Decoding, and below the Gifted-only students on all measures with the exception of Reading Comprehension and Listening Comprehension. Across achievement composite scores, the GWD scores were in between the Dyslexia-only and Gifted-only groups Total Reading and Reading Comprehension & Fluency, no different from Dyslexia-only on Basic Reading, and no different from Gifted-only on Oral Language. The GWD group displayed greater variability, as measured by the difference between highest and lowest subtest scores, in reading performance than the comparison groups. Finally, overall cognitive scores were significantly lower than the index score that omits working memory and processing speed among participants in the GWD group. The implications from this study regarding the nature, magnitude, and range of cognitive and achievement strengths and weaknesses of GWD students will help educators and psychologists accurately recognize and advocate for these students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)