Su búsqueda

Comments on an article by Françoys Gagné (see record 2004-22507-002). This paper by Françoys Gagné represents a substantial effort to examine a large body of research and theory related to human abilities and interpret it from the perspective of his Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent (DGMT). While the DMGT is highly speculative and tries hard to relate its message to technical conceptions of giftedness and talent, he has nevertheless done an excellent job of drawing in much of the most relevant theory and research. One major problem with the paper is his efforts to define 'giftedness', a term used very little outside of the professional field of gifted education: high ability, natural ability, precocity, talent, aptitude--which should it be? And then he goes on and tries to give us frequency or numbers or percentages for 'giftedness and talent' reflecting a continuing and often seemingly arbitrary and fruitless quest for the magic numbers. Finally, the author disagrees with Gagné's dismissal of Ericsson's excellent and well-recognized research on the development of skills and expertise--topics which are highly relevant to talent development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

The Gifted Rating Scales is a newly published teacher rating scale designed to assess the characteristics of giftedness across a wide range of ages. The GRS is available in two age-differentiated forms: the GRS Preschool Form (GRS-P) and the GRS School Form (GRS-S). The GRS-P was developed for children aged 4 years through 6 years. It contains 60 items that contribute to five scales. Its school-age counterpart, the GRS-S, was developed for children aged 6 years through 13 years. Its 72 items contribute to six scales. The GRS meets several goals outlined by the authors. The GRS is a brief and user-friendly instrument that is easy to complete and to score. Users may find the GRS to be an economical and informative alternative to individually or group-administered intelligence tests when screening groups of children for giftedness. Because the GRS has been linked to the standardization of the Wechsler intelligence scales, users may also feel more confident when engaged in the identification and eligibility process by combining these assessment instruments. In addition, the GRS includes measures of several characteristics of giftedness outlined by the U.S. Department of Education. Thus, the GRS could be widely used for screening or identification because most states have adopted some version of this federal definition of giftedness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Whereas perspectives on giftedness have included motivation as a construct related to giftedness, the proposed conceptualization advances a new view that motivation is an area of giftedness in and of itself. Academic intrinsic motivation (i.e., enjoyment of school learning) is the domain focused upon in this conceptualization inasmuch as it has inherent ties to cognition, gifted intellect, and achievement. Research supports the following criteria, advanced as a beginning effort toward the development of a conceptualization of a gifted motivation construct: (a) significantly higher academic intrinsic motivation is evidenced by intellectually gifted compared to their comparison cohort; (b) academic intrinsic motivation is significantly, positively, and uniquely related to academic achievement above and beyond IQ; (c) academic intrinsic motivation evidences substantial continuity from childhood through adolescence; and (d) environment is significantly related to academic intrinsic motivation. The construct of gifted motivation serves heuristic purposes to advance further inquiry and also has implications regarding the development and implementation of giftedness programs. Suggestions are made regarding research needed for further development of a gifted motivation construct. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

In this contribution ENTER will be used as a basis to determine which traits can be used to characterize identifications within the conceptual framework of the Actiotope Model of Giftedness. In contrast to alternative conceptions of giftedness this model employs a systemic approach which does not emphasize the identification of persons, but rather the identification of a learning path which leads to excellence. Following a brief overview of ENTER and the Actiotope Model of Giftedness, information pertinent for each step of ENTER will be specified. In conclusion a critical discussion of practical applications based on ENTER will be conducted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Comments on Sternberg's discussion of WICS as a model for giftedness (see record 2004-10570-002) and discusses whether the WICS model can accurately predict who will develop into an elite level athlete. The current authors agree that the concepts presented in the WICS model are important factors in explaining giftedness across a wide range of domains, however, evaluating a person's wisdom, intelligence, and creativity as the sole indicators of 'giftedness' is problematic because this approach does not consider two more significant factors in attaining high achievement, access to essential resources and commitment. They make the claim that regardless of the level of wisdom, intelligence and/or creativity a person has, if they are not properly committed to perform the thousands of hours of training required to refine their skills, they will not achieve 'greatness', and suggest that further development is required before the WIGS model can be seen as a model of giftedness that can be applied to sport. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Comments on Sternberg's article on WICS as a model for giftedness (see record 2004-10570-002). The current author examines the reasons for the fact that complex models of giftedness seem to be en vogue at the start of this new millennium, and discusses whether the WICS model can offer new insights regarding the nature of giftedness from a cross-cultural perspective. He suggests that if Sternberg is able to theoretically and empirically confirm the three components intelligence, creativity, and wisdom not only with respect to their complementary relationships, but also regarding their different levels of complexity (with wisdom as inclusive, encompassing, and the highest level of complexity), he may accomplish-similar to the coup made by the hierarchical model of intelligence prominent in the English school during the middle of the last century-a 'Quantum leap' in giftedness research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

The present study examined an implicit theory of giftedness among service Chinese teachers. Participants were 189 second year students (preservice teachers, 74 male and 115 female, average age 20 yrs) from China Central Teachers' University. Participants responded to inventory based on Stemberg and Zhang's (1995) pentagonal implicit theory of giftedness and a simple questionnaire designed to cross-validate two of the five criteria in the pentagonal model. Results indicate that in making judgments about giftedness, participants took into consideration three of the five criteria specified in the pentagonal model excellence, productivity, and value. The excellence and productivity criteria were also confirmed by results from the simple questionnaire. Rarity and demonstrability, the two other criteria specified in the pentagonal model, were not taken into consideration by the participants in their evaluation of giftedness. Implications of these findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Individual and age-related factors are closely linked in the phenomenon of giftedness in children. The author introduces the notions of age-related factors of giftedness and age-related giftedness, and focuses on the difficulties of diagnosis and prognosis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

This study explored the relationships among IQ, perceptions of giftedness, and self-concepts in a sample of 116 Chinese junior secondary school students (aged 12-16 yrs) in Hong Kong. These students, nominated by their schools to join the university gifted programs, were assessed on their IQ, global and domain-specific self-concepts, as well as their perceptions of their own giftedness in terms of their concern for feeling different, their critical attitude in evaluating their own performance, and their experience of high expectation to achieve from their parents. The findings indicated that in general the ways students perceived their giftedness affected differentially global self-worth and specific self-concept domains. While difference concern and critical evaluation affected students' specific self-concepts adversely, high parental expectation had a more positive influence. Self-concept domains related to social acceptance and friendship issues were most strongly and adversely affected. Implications of the findings for interventions to enhance the self-esteem of gifted students through restructuring their perceptions of giftedness are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

This article describes how giftedness can be viewed as developing expertise. The general conception of giftedness as developing expertise is outlined. Then research examples are given that, in conjunction, seem odd under traditional interpretations of abilities but that make sense as a whole in the context of the developing expertise model. It is concluded that this new model offers potential for better understanding the nature of giftedness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Investigations viewed mostly the intellectual aspects in the study of giftedness. Psychological researches focused on talents, which are measurable with intelligence tests. Many researches focused on the normal development of different abilities, but the development of children with prominent talents and performances, their special characteristics and needs are still not widely known. Only recent studies are interested in abilities and performances, as those are not measurable with intelligence tests. Giftedness can be separated from creative activity or scientific activity. This article below presents the giftedness in the visual arts, music and mathematics and their developmental issues. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

The author defines giftedness (or talent) as a complex of properties responsible for regulating man's activities. He then differentiates between impairment of psychic, physiological and anotomical structures, disorders of the function (health impairment), and handicap (social disadvantage). He goes on to show that giftedness and handicap, as also giftedness and impairment are reciprocally independent and may occur in any combination. He supports this thesis with case histories from his own practice. Finally, he summarizes recommendations for identifying and promoting talent in handicapped children. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

The purpose of this multiple case study was to investigate the emotional and social characteristics of boys who had co-occurring giftedness and %ADHD% as compared with boys with only 1 of the 2 exceptionalities. The participants were 3 boys with ADHD (aged 8–10 yrs) and giftedness and 6 comparison boys with only 1 of the 2 exceptionalities. Data sources included the participating boys, their parents, and their teachers. Data were collected by a team of researchers using parallel forms of a semistructured interview protocol and several rating scales and were analyzed by the team in 4 stages using a variety of qualitative analysis techniques. Findings suggested that participants with co-occurring giftedness and ADHD had difficulties regulating their emotions, problems with peer relationships, and stressed families. Giftedness appeared to exacerbate the social/emotional difficulties associated with ADHD rather than serve a protective function. The findings suggested that ADHD is a risk factor for psychosocial adjustment difficulties in young boys who are intellectually gifted. Implications of the findings for the field of gifted education are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Five issues about giftedness are discussed. First, the origins of giftedness are explored. The view that giftedness is entirely a product of training is critiqued. There is indirect evidence for atypical brain organization and innate talent in gifted children: Many gifted children and savants have enhanced right-hemisphere development, language-related difficulties, and autoimmune disorders. Second, the intense motivation of gifted children is discussed. Third, it is argued that gifted children have social and emotional difficulties that set them apart. Fourth, evidence for the often uneven cognitive profiles of such children is presented. Finally, the relationship between childhood giftedness and "domain" creativity in adulthood is discussed. Few gifted children go on to become adult creators because the skills and personality factors required to be a creator are very different from those typical of even the most highly gifted children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

This study was an attempt at furthering previous broad-based analyses of intellectual giftedness and at extending our knowledge and understanding of giftedness, achievement and intelligence in general as well as the youth developmental process and differences for males and females. To do this, 6 groups of 10th grade students were selected from distributions of a large stratified random sample of 1,000 American high schools. Groups were selected based on scores on a highly reliable composite of general intelligence. Samples were created by selecting the top 5%, the top 20%, and the lower 80% of male and female distributions. Indices assessed in the base year (10th grade) as well as 4 yrs following high school graduation were examined. Measures of high school experiences, family characteristics, study habits, social attitudes, future plans, post-graduation activities and self-esteem were assessed, most of which manifested association with intellectual giftedness as well as examinee sex. Results are discussed with respect to their implications for American youth achievement levels, manpower planning, and possible educational interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

Describes a largely neglected kind of giftedness, namely, wisdom. First, the article discusses how giftedness is identified currently. Second, the article presents an alternative view based on a balance theory of wisdom. The theory is described, and it is shown why the theory offers a way of conceptualizing wisdom. Finally, the article concludes that, given the state of the world, we should have a strong incentive to identify and develop wisdom as a form of giftedness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

This special issue of High Ability Studies is devoted to contexts that support talent development. While numerous conceptions of giftedness consider the role played by the environment for talent development, most of these conceptions nevertheless viewed giftedness itself as an individual attribute. Newer approaches have, however, begun to fundamentally alter this view: The environment and learning contexts are not only important for talent development, but they also make up an integral part of what giftedness actually is. Plucker and Barab (2005), for example, have called for investigating “gifted transactions” (p. 210) rather than gifted individuals. In a similar vein, Ziegler (2005) defined giftedness as the property of a system made up of the individual and his or her environment. The articles assembled in this special issue emphasize different perspectives of the relevance of learning environments. The first three contributions present empirical studies on the relevance of learning contexts in general and in different cultural settings. The following two articles discuss important implications of current research for the establishment of supportive learning contexts at school. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Reviews the book, Giftedness 101 by L. K. Silverman (see record 2012-34354-000). In this somewhat scattershot but well-meaning short book, Linda Kreger Silverman is on a consciousness-raising mission, attempting to improve awareness of the experience of gifted children, who she contends have often been left out in the cold by educators and research psychologists. She argues that, if psychologists are committed to social justice for those with intellectual disabilities, they should be similarly supportive of those with particularly high abilities, who are also subject to discrimination, misunderstanding, and bullying. Perhaps unintentionally, the part of the book that is most convincing that something is amiss in psychology's treatment of the intellectually gifted is the reference section. A further purpose of the book is 'mythbusting'. Intelligence researchers will appreciate Silverman's debunking of several of the stultifying untruths that surround our discipline along with her forceful defense, and detailed explication, of the use of IQ testing to identify and assess giftedness. Finally, Silverman's assertion that "giftedness is not elitist" does not chime with the reality that societal and cultural elites are highly likely to score well above average on IQ tests—that is, in meritocratic systems the gifted already tend to rise to the top. Whether or not giftedness currently "cuts across all socioeconomic, ethnic, and national groups", if we followed Silverman's advice and gave gifted children from all backgrounds the support and resources they deserve, we might expect even more 'elitist' results in the future, as more of the elevated positions in society become occupied by those with high ability and their children, to whom they will pass on their high-ability genes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

In this paper we suggest that instruments of neuro-cognitive research enable the evaluation of giftedness in mathematics. We start with a literature review on the related topics presented so as to situate our suggestions within the existing research on giftedness and excellence in mathematics. This literature review allows us later to discuss our findings, which are based on neurocognitive data collected in a large-scale multidimensional examination of mathematical giftedness. Sampling procedure in the study was performed based on two orthogonal (in our view) characteristics: general giftedness (G) and excellence in mathematics (EM). In this paper we present findings that lead to a definition of the mathematically gifted population. We present selected results to provide evidence for our findings. In this paper we demonstrate three major findings: A. Effects of G and EM factors are task-dependent both in behavioral and neurophysiological measures' the EM factor has significant main effects on tasks that require implementation of knowledge familiar to students from school mathematics. By contrast, the G factor has a significant main effect on insight-based problems which are not part of the school mathematical curriculum and, thus, require original mathematical reasoning. B. Mathematical performance in gifted students who excel in mathematics (G-EM students) on insight-based tasks has specific characteristics in both behavioral and electrophysiological results. C. G-EM participants exhibited superior performance in all the tests, showing a constant neuroefficiency effect. Based on these observations we suggest that mathematically gifted students are those who are both generally gifted and excel in mathematics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

This editorial discusses, the papers on the theme of new approaches to conceptualizing and assessing giftedness. The current issue adds an additional five papers to this special focus. The first paper of this issue, explores the domain of mathematics. The second paper, analyses the highest levels of performance (top positions) through the lens of mathematics. The third paper also targets mathematical giftedness. The fourth paper, details the development and validation of a self-report instrument to measure the intelligence. The final paper also reports on the validation of an instrument for the measurement of giftedness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)