Su búsqueda

The main of this work is to identify and analyze the constitutive elements of social representations of giftedness and talent in high school students with high abilities. The social representations comprise a substrate of the acceptance or rejection of the characteristics of these students. Furthermore, such representations are not always conscious, are not always expressed nor perceived verbally, but nonetheless influence the judgment or evaluation about them in several aspects. We used a questionnaire designed ad hoc with open-ended questions to explore the following dimensions: Myths, prejudices or stereotypes and generalized images; Attitudes toward people with giftedness and talent; Deny, hide or downplay your own outstanding characteristics; Manifestation of their abilities and capacities. It discusses the educational implications. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

The aim of the study was to understand the components associated with the types of perfectionism described as adaptive/healthy, maladaptive/unhealthy or non-perfectionism, which could offer positive or negative aspects to improve excellence and welfare, exploring the number and content of the latent perfectionism structure as a multidimensional construct in a sample of High Intellectual Abilities (HIA) students. Links with Positive and Negative perfectionism were also compared across perfectionism latent profiles. A total of n = 137 HIA students, mean age 13.77 years (SD = 1.99), participated in a survey. The Almost Perfect Scale Revised (APS-R) and Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale-12 (PNPS-12) were used. Results obtained showed three latent classes (LC): ‘Unhealthy’ (LC1), ‘Healthy’ (LC2) and ‘No perfectionism’ (LC3). LC1 showed high scores on Discrepancy subscales but low in Order and High Standards. LC2 displayed higher scores on High Standards and Order. LC3 displayed lowest scores across all perfectionism facets. Statistically significant differences were found across latent profile in almost all perfectionism features. Different patterns of associations with Positive and Negative perfectionism were obtained across latent profiles. These findings address the latent structure of perfectionisms in HIA students and allow us to delimit, analyze, and understand the tentative latent profiles within the HIA arena. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

The main objective of this study was to compare children selected in a community setting with ADHD, high-performance, and normo-typical development on a sustained attention task. Three groups of children were selected: ADHD ( n = 42), high-performance ( n = 20), and normo- typical development ( n = 28). A brief computerized vigilance task (CSAT-R) was applied to compare attentional capacity and reaction time. The participants were divided into those with “attentional dysfunction” and those with “normal attention” to analyze clinical validity. Children with high-performance were clearly differentiated from the other two groups, with large effect sizes. The differences between normo-typical and ADHD groups were only significant in the errors and in a nonparametric index of attentional capacity, but with small effect sizes. The CSAT-R showed good specificity and an acceptable positive predictive value, but low levels of sensitivity, and a poor negative predictive value. Therefore, sustained attention could be a prominent mechanism in children with high capacities. The CSAT-R (and probably most of attentional tasks) would be moderately useful in community settings for ADHD diagnosis, but not to rule it out. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

The professional guidance for adolescents with high abilities/giftedness is important for understanding their skills and competences that will facilitate their entry into the labor market. Objective to compare the effects of intervention in professional guidance for adolescents with and without giftedness in relation to the maturity for professional choice, vocational indecision, self-efficacy and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. We used a questionnaire of sociodemographic data, Brazil Classification criteria, Maturity Scale for Professional Choice, Vocational Indecision Scale, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and the Perceived General Self-efficacy Scale. 31 adolescents participated. It was observed that the intervention in professional guidance reduced vocational indecision and symptoms of stress. The gifted showed an increase in determination, self-knowledge and maturity for professional choice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Previous studies have found that gifted children experience symptoms such as existential anguish, anxiety, depression, experiential avoidance, and cognitive fusion. The inherent intensity and sensitivity of these young people may make them more susceptible to significant emotional distress and existential concerns. Endeavoring to address such issues, we designed a second-generation mindfulness-based intervention, called the “Atención plena para altas capacidades” (APAC; Mindfulness for Giftedness). This paper presents the pretreatment, posttreatment, and 12-month follow-up findings on the implementation of the program in a sample of 22 gifted children in Spain. The program comprised eight weekly 90-min group sessions covering mindfulness, emotional intelligence, emotional regulation, acceptance, values, compassion, and self-compassion. The program’s efficacy was measured using standardized, validated tools (the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure, the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth, the Children’s Depression Inventory, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children, and the Emotional Skills and Competence Questionnaire) at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 12-month follow-up time periods.. Our study’s findings at the posttreatment stage suggested that the APAC program improved the emotional abilities and reduced negative symptoms. Results from the 12-month follow-up assessment stage appeared to uphold these findings. However, we recommend that future second-generation mindfulness-based interventions for gifted children should include more activities and exercises that address the meaning of life and other related existential worries of particular concern to these young people. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Personal growth initiative is a construct that has been investigated in recent years, and has shown a cross-cultural character. Currently, it is linked to other concepts related to counseling and clinical psychology. To carry out studies in Latin American contexts, it is essential that instruments that measure this construct be translated and adapted. The present work describes the translation into Spanish and validation of the Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II in a sample of 219 university students from the city of Asunción (Paraguay). In addition, data for validity evidence in relation with other variables such as the constructs of hope and satisfaction with life are presented. Confirmatory factor analyses and an exploratory structural equation model demonstrated acceptable fit of a four-factor model with modifications, as suggested by other antecedents. On the other hand, correlations of this construct with hope and satisfaction with life give good validity evidence in relation to other variables. The usefulness of the scale for its use in the clinical setting is discussed. In particular, its usefulness as a predictor of change in psychotherapy is underpinned, since the concept is closely related to motivational factors in the therapeutic process and can be a predictor of relapses in the long term. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

The objective of this study was to understand the perception that parents of adolescents with high intellectual abilities or giftedness (HIAs/G) have regarding family dynamics, educational practices used, indicators of emotional/behavioral problems, and prospects for their children. This is an exploratory and qualitative research, in which three mothers and two fathers participated. All of them individually answered a semi-structured interview consisting of 15 topics that dealt with family routine, educational practices and their concerns with their children. Deductive thematic analysis indicated that the parents identified their children’s high intellectual abilities but needed additional information to manage these traits. There was a poor family routine in some cases, as well as the coexistence of authoritative and authoritarian practices in the same family. It was possible to observe that the parents feared their children’s expression of aggressiveness and isolation, and how much this could lead to these young individuals committing illegal acts. Thus, it was found that the parents are attentive to their children but have doubts about how to educate them. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

From a neuroconstructivist point of view and a developmental model of high intellectual abilities (HIA), the aim of this study is to understand the world perception of high intellectual children, which results from their cognitive complexity and other traits such as their high context sensitivity. An intentional sample of N = 80 boys and girls, of which a group of n = 40 children with HIA ( n = 40), aged 7, 9, and 11 years old has been studied and compared with a paired control group of n = 40 students with typical intelligence. BADyG and TCTT tests were administered to determine their intellectual profiles multidimensionally. They were also given the Autobiography Questionnaire Form U in order to capture their world perception. The multivariate analysis of variance (GLM) shows an earlier and more advanced world perception among HIA participants, with higher fluency and abstraction in perceiving problems and solutions compared to subjects with typical intelligence. The coefficient of generalizability is high (.822). The conclusions suggest the relevance to design educational programs for an ethical guide of moral sensitivity differentially wide and early in HIA students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Discussion: We conclude and discuss comparing the components of irony that were most easily understood in each group, as well as those that were most difficult, suggesting the relevance of this area of study for better understanding the functioning of high intellectual ability, the relationship of verbal irony to other higher-level cognitive processes, and its possible role as complementary information in differential cognitive assessment.