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examine the research evidence relating brain physiology and function to giftedness and intelligence / describe some of the measurement techniques and terminology that are associated with this area experimental methods in brain research [EEG, averaged evoked potentials, measurement of cerebral hemisphere lateralization, brain imaging] / information processing: the brain / ongoing brain activity / psychophysiology of personality (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

in this review, three sets of considerations on the development of morality [in gifted children] are presented: (1) moral behavior is based on specific cognitive abilities of rational analysis and discussion of actions concerning rights, duties and consequences (about life, affects, well-being of self and others); (2) moral behavior has roots in affect/emotion and on control and integration of drives and needs (in terms of empathy, care for others, task commitment); and (3) moral behavior needs to be nurtured by specific education which concerns both the cognitive and the emotional aspects (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

begins by providing a general overview of the individual histories of research on the prodigy and the savant / combine discussion of the two phenomena by comparing examples of prodigious performance with ones of savant performance in two of the domains where both have been found: music and art / conclude with a speculative discussion of possible brain-based commonalities and differences serving as substrates for prodigy and savant capabilities (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

the paradigm of the special education of the gifted in the school years involves the classification of individual members of a limited sample as "gifted" and then their participation in a giftedness nurturing program / the identification of gifted individuals therefore takes a place of considerable importance for the establishment of programs, alongside program design / numerous measurement instruments are available which are well suited to gain a reliable informational basis for the decisions to be made [presents] an overview of recommendations on identification design made by experts on gifted education / these recommendations will be considered scientifically / the decision theoretical model of selection decisions will be presented / its properties and methodological consequences for practice will be discussed / insights on the construction of social judgments and group decision making will be presented (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

the need for leadership education for all people will be explored, but particularly for gifted students / a fundamentally different interactive model and approach to leadership development will be suggested / this approach focuses on developing self leadership and building specific strategies such as productive thinking, feeling and behavioral strategies to influence ourselves and others / self leadership through modeling will be examined, with the focus on a leadership program (Texas Governor's Honors Program) as an example of how to develop leadership in adolescent gifted students an individual leader who represents interactive leadership, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, former president of the US and founder of the Citizen Ambassador Program will be discussed / the program of People to People International for several years developing personal leadership in teachers and administrators by planning and conducting leadership seminars in Russia, Hungary, China and Vietnam will be described (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

focus specifically on factors relating to educational/vocational choice, exceptional educational/vocational achievements and gender differences within the gifted population / our research . . . is also aimed at program experimentation and refinement of well-known educational interventions draw on the longitudinal findings from SMPY [Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth] to illustrate key antecedents to gender differences in the physical sciences / describe the design of our study and its theoretical framework / [discuss] gender differences in actual achievement among the mathematically talented and some empirical findings involving gender differences on familiar as well as underappreciated variables critical for choosing to excel in math/science domains (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

the primary question in developmental research on the gifted is no longer whether nature or nurture is the most basic, but rather what kind of interaction between the two occurs, and how does this influence development / in other words, what results from the interaction of specific individual traits and experiences in a given social and cultural environment / human development is generally regarded as a process of interaction between individual characteristics and environmental opportunities describe and discuss prevailing developmental theories / the diversity of definitions of giftedness will be outlined / it will become evident that some versions of the nature vs nurture controversy remain / existing and ongoing research demonstrates that only longitudinal studies can provide evidence about the relative contribution of nature and nurture to the development of gifted individuals / instructional and educational provisions will be discussed from a developmental perspective (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

review the research on three groups of extremely gifted individuals: (a) investigations of the childhood and adolescence of individuals who as adults developed as "exemplary producers"; (b) early studies of children whose cognitive development, as indicated by their academic achievements, seemed remarkably beyond the norm of their age; and (c) studies since the 1920s of children whose scores on tests of cognitive ability placed them in the exceptionally gifted range of IQ 160+, regardless of whether or not these students were able to achieve their remarkable potential / the primary focus, however, will be on this latter group of studies and will present the key research, from the last 70 years, on this population of students (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

presents a pentagonal implicit theory of giftedness and a set of data testing the theory / discuss what an implicit theory is and why such theories are important / describe the pentagonal theory, specifying 5 conditions claimed to be individually necessary and jointly sufficient for a person to be labelled as gifted [excellence, rarity, productivity, demonstrability, and value criteria] / consider the relation of the pentagonal theory to explicit theories of giftedness / present data supporting the theory / discuss some implications of the pentagonal theory for gifted education (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

summarize many years of research on gifted individuals and on the creative process / focus is on the role of motivation in supporting the development of talent, and on how families facilitate the development of creative motivation / the conclusions are based primarily on 3 studies: (a) a longitudinal study of 290 artists begun in 1963 and continued to the present, which used tests, interviews, naturalistic observations and content analysis of creative work / (b) a 5-yr (1985–1990) longitudinal study of 210 talented teenagers [13–17 yrs old] which used questionnaires, interviews and the experience sampling method / (c) an ongoing study of 75 elderly creative individuals (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

discuss 5 issues that are important to keep in mind when attempting to account for exceptional achievement restricted range and test insensitivity [outstanding persons come from an extremely restricted range of ability] / theories of intelligence / difference in correlations across the range of ability [the structure of intellectual ability is not the same for all persons across the range of ability] / differences in heritability / achievement and intelligence are different (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

4 possible relations between early and late achievement are explored here / the analysis draws upon 2 lines of evidence: (1) a new theoretical approach that posits the existence of multiple intelligences and examines the important role of the domains and fields in which individuals work; (2) case studies of 7 highly creative individuals who lived at the turn of the century [and who represent a range of human intelligence] (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

psychologists are in a unique position to assist people with serious mental illness discover their gifts and offer those gifts to society / among other contributions, we can increase understanding of the human beings behind the symptoms, redirect attention away from pathology and toward competency, and develop intervention strategies that can enhance growth and self-actualization as well as alleviate symptoms (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

giftedness of girls and women is examined in terms of both general intellectual ability and specific extraordinary talents / examines career development issues in the lives of women with specific extraordinary talents in the areas of verbal, mathematical, spatial-visual, musical, and kinesthetic performance gifted girls / adolescence of gifted girls / gifted young women in college / adulthood of gifted women (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

present a theoretical formulation and empirical evidence to support our position that the exclusive use of formal school-oriented predictors of intelligence and school grades forfeits the identification of a great deal of talent / suggest that examining out-of-school activities in children helps find hidden abilities and reduce talent loss / Milgram's 4 X 4 Model of the structure of giftedness provides the rationale for expecting that measures of creative thinking and creative leisure activities may be more valid predictors of remarkable life accomplishments than tested intelligence and school grades present the results of an 18-yr longitudinal study in which this prediction was investigated / sample size was 48 (20 men and 28 women) / Ss ranged in age from 34 to 36 yrs (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

focused on characteristics related to the creative and productive behavior of 18 secondary school students from districts employing Renzulli's Three-Ring Conception of Giftedness / all Ss had been identified for gifted programs in their respective schools / longitudinal qualitative design included two rounds of data collection / first, when each S was still in high school, the family, the school, and the student served as data sources / second, after a three-year period, a questionnaire was distributed by mail to each student / this information pertained to school and work experiences, career plans, and recent interests and projects provides an overview of the study, a description of the longitudinal design, and an overview of Renzulli's conception of giftedness / a review of the research design, sample, data collection process, analysis procedures, and results from the first and second data collection periods follows (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

describe the planned 50-yr longitudinal study that is being conducted by the Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth (SMPY) / present data from SMPY and the psychological literature that have relevance for identifying the early psychological antecedents of competence and satisfaction at all points along the math/science pipeline, from selecting a college major to earning a doctorate in a technical discipline / factors especially conducive to exceptional achievements will be given particular attention, as will special influences that contribute to the optimal educational and vocational development of the nascent physical scientist; possible influences related to gender differences in achievement will be stressed Ss are selected for [the] longitudinal study around ages 12 to 13, in the seventh or eighth grade (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

objectives of Project CHOICE (Creating Her Options in Career Exploration) were (a) to develop procedures for identifying barriers that might interfere with the fulfillment of the potential of gifted and talented high school girls from diverse racial and family backgrounds in a variety of settings, (b) to design and use strategies for removing those identified internal and external barriers, and (c) to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter) The subject population initially consisted of 286 gifted and talented young women from high school sophomore classes. Follow up interviews were conducted at five and ten year phases. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: create)

describes a retrospective study of 54 Fellows of the Graduate Leadership Education Project [GLEP] and presents their views of the program's effect on their careers and professional lives / the 38 participants . . . were former GLEP Fellows who studied in five cohorts at [various colleges and universities] between 1977 and 1981 / now in their late 30s to late 50s, with a mean age of 43, many of the GLEP Fellows have indeed fulfilled their leadership potential historical context / conceptions of leadership / the GLEP Program [identification of the GLEP Fellows, programmatic augmentation, program evaluation] / similar programs (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

[presents data from a longitudinal] project designed to investigate the "development over time" of two groups of boys (ages 11–14 yrs) who were clearly exceptionally gifted in two different domains—math/science and general IQ / included the boys' families as integral parts of the research nominally gifted and ungifted children have been periodically used in the project as control groups / different levels and domains are being compared as they develop and interact with family variables and other processes research design [methodology, instruments and procedure, demographic characteristics of the parents, birth order and special family position, analysis using IQ and achievement tests, other creativity assessments, personality and family variables, California Psychological Inventory] (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)