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In the world of gifted education, educators must first find students who qualify for gifted services. Various stakeholders in public elementary education often nominate students for gifted identification and ultimately gifted programs. It is important to determine if stakeholders' conceptions of giftedness are the same or different, as conceptions influence actions. There is substantial research on teachers' conceptions of giftedness but limited research on parents' conceptions of giftedness. The purpose of this study was to explore stakeholders' conceptions of giftedness and answer the research question: How do stakeholder groups describe giftedness? Participants included parents of elementary gifted students (n = 217), general education K-5 teachers (n= 213), gifted teachers (n= 87), and gifted coordinators (n= 36) from 3 states and 23 schools that mandated gifted identification and programming. Gifted stakeholder groups described giftedness as differences from same age peers in four subthemes: (a) advanced capacity to learn and reason, (b) high-level performance, (c) the need for challenge, and (d) unique personality characteristics and behaviors. Stakeholder groups all described giftedness as differences from same age peers; however, the frequency of each subtheme varied. Parents emphasized a need for challenge beyond the typical age-based learning environment. General education teachers emphasized high performance. Gifted teachers and coordinators emphasized district and state criteria for gifted identification, stressing ability test scores and potential. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)

This qualitative study was conducted to investigate the social and cultural characteristics of gifted and talented students and their perceptions of the educational factors that have contributed to the development of their gifts and talents. Twelve Puerto Rican English Language Learner (PR-ELL) students who are identified as gifted and attend a full-time academy for gifted and talented students were selected for the study. Both ethnography and comparative case methodology were used as the participants completed a questionnaire with 67 questions and then were interviewed and observed in their school. Students' cumulative records were also reviewed and analyzed. Interesting findings emerged in the study as participants identified the following characteristics that would identify them as gifted and talented: high potential, motivation, commitment, perseverance, self-confidence, maturity, and hard work. The participants believe that they work harder, expend more effort in their academic studies, take school more seriously, and have more enthusiasm for learning than students from other cultures who are identified as gifted and talented. They also reported that their parents encouraged their children to work hard and do well in school. All students agreed that the Gifted & Talented Academy they attended and their teachers provide them with a rigorous, enriched curriculum. The participants also indicated that they loved being challenged and encouraged by their parents and teachers to work hard and excel. They enjoy being exposed to new curriculum and learning new content, as opposed to the lack of challenge they experienced in their previous schools. This research contributes to new understandings regarding the characteristics of PR-ELL gifted students, family characteristics and educational factors that support and sustain high academic achievement; however, additional research is needed relative to the identification and characteristics of gifted ELL students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)

Considered one of the most marginalized groups in Western society, the lives of people with learning disabilities have been defined by being personally, socially, and institutionally cast-off and discriminated against (Hall, 2005). People with learning disabilities also experience disproportionate levels of violence and victimization that negatively impact both mental and physical health and general well-being (Wiseman & Watson, 2022). Gifted/talented neurodivergent people with historically minoritized ethnic identities (3e) face notable academic challenges because of inequitable practices during their K-12 journey that include lower teacher expectations, poorer quality educational experiences, limited enrichment opportunities, unqualified teachers, and harsher discipline (Mayes & Moore, 2016a). Further, 3e students are enigmatic learners who, despite their giftedness, are often disproportionately identified as special education students and significantly under identified as gifted students. It is generally understood that neurodivergent learners' formative K-12 educational experiences can shape adult outcomes in meaningful ways. 3e students navigate through lived experiences as multiply-marginalized people, in relationship to their various social identities, which are best understood through the lenses of positionality, spatiality, sociality, and temporality. Cross-disciplinary study, using a critical narrative inquiry methodological approach, can provide opportunities for educational leaders and researchers to develop a depth of understanding of complex processes like identity development and social and affective development. This knowledge can in turn guide the development of social and emotional supports and educational interventions that are critically important elements of effective educational and transition planning that can improve K-12 and adult outcomes for these incredibly brilliant but notably underserved learners. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)

Gifted and talented programs are a constant fixture within American public schools as most states require their schools to offer this programming across grade levels. As widespread as these gifted and talented programs are, there exists a nationwide equity issue when it comes to which students are more likely to be served in these programs. One of the most common entry points into these programs remains teacher referrals. This qualitative case study examines the perceptions of primary education teachers in a large eastern Washington school district related to the district's gifted and talented program and the role they play in making referral decisions. Through this study, I sought to understand the following research questions: (1) What factors do primary educators look for when referring students to gifted and talented services? (1a) How do primary educators describe an ideal gifted and talented student? (1b)In what ways do primary educators believe bias to impact the referral of gifted and talented students? (2) How do primary educators view current gifted and talented programs and referral procedures? (2a) How does a primary educators' views on gifted and talented programs impact their gifted and talented referral decisions? (2b) What benefits or drawbacks do educators see in gifted and talented programs as a whole and at the primary grades? (3) How prepared do primary educators feel they are to accurately identify gifted and talented students? Analysis of the interviews and artifacts collected from the district demonstrated several findings. Despite district and state definitions, there is no shared understanding of giftedness among educators, different behaviors are interpreted very differently depending on a child's assigned teacher. The inconsistencies present in the national understanding of giftedness are even more amplified amongst those educators asked to make gifted identification decisions. The lack of a shared understanding of giftedness contributes, along with other influences like parental advocacy, to the ongoing reproduction of privilege awarded to our most advantaged students. This study offers implications for policy makers, educational leaders, and researchers and serves as a starting point for conversations on what role gifted and talented education should play in modern equity driven schools. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)

Research on how to best meet the academic needs and potential of gifted students with disabilities, known as twice-exceptional or 2e, has grown over the past 30 years. While recognition of 2e learners is slowly extending to educational policy, there are few school program options designed to accommodate 2e students and even fewer studies on the organizational aspects of implementing such programs. This promising practice study sought to understand the organizational performance dynamics influencing teacher success in a school for 2e students through the lens of the Clark and Estes gap analysis framework. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with middle-school teachers and a school administrator along with school documents and artifacts to ascertain the knowledge, motivation, and organizational assets contributing to success. The findings indicated that teacher performance was supported by knowledge of 2e characteristics, instructional strategies, and individual social-emotional competence. Teachers were motivated intrinsically and by self-efficacy. Organizational contributing factors were widespread transmission of the school's mission and vision, entrepreneurial mindset values, and identification with a shared purpose. The highly autonomy-oriented environment encouraged personal initiative and may have motivated teachers to seek learning resources independently. A teacher community of shared purpose developed, reinforcing collective knowledge and motivation systemically. Research-supported recommendations were made to address organizational challenges associated with cultivating successful 2e learning environments, followed by an implementation and evaluation plan guided by the New World Kirkpatrick Model. This study offers insight into key components influencing teacher performance within the dynamic and complex 2e learning environment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)

This dissertation investigated teacher perceptions of the Advanced Academics Review and Referral process within a large urban school district. The study focused on the elementary level of implementation of the district process for identifying students for gifted education/advanced academic services. The study discloses gaps in teachers' understanding of giftedness and their preparedness to participate in the referral team process through interviews and document analysis. The research details the challenges of inconsistent implementation of the process and teacher biases all contributing to the inequities in gifted education identification. The findings emphasize the need for local educational agencies to explicitly define giftedness, teacher training and the expectations for educators regarding protocol implementation. The dissertation includes recommendations to ensure equitable access to gifted education through federal, state, and local policy changes, as well as professional development for educators. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)

Giftedness is a particular trait giving designation to a specific group of people in a school population. While identification methods vary from state to state, the status of being gifted is granted to some students, creating a dichotomy of those who receive gifted services and subsequent privileges and those who remain left out. Historically, Black students and other marginalized populations have had less participation in gifted programs. The literature highlights several factors connected to inequity in giftedness including lack of a cohesive definition of the term (or even if the concept of giftedness is real or socially constructed), nomination and recruitment issues, teacher bias, lack of enrichment exposure for marginalized communities, issues with self-efficacy, and poverty. This work seeks to understand the issues creating inequitable opportunities for students in the realm of gifted education and ways of providing enriched learning opportunities to all students to expand the academic possibilities for underrepresented groups. Reviewing the literature indicates the myriad of inhibiting factors to Gifted and Talented Educational (GATE) programming for students and, successful strategies to dually promote inclusion and enhanced participation. The local contextual focus of the problem of practice highlights the disproportional representation in one local public school. By examining the underrepresentation of Black students in one local school, the work highlights the issues of equity as they affect students daily and could serve as an example that is common nationally as well. Utilizing Bandura's theory of self-efficacy (1977), Renzulli's Three Ring Conception of Giftedness/School Wide Enrichment Model (1978), and improvement science tools, the work melds the theories to create an original framework to form a cohesive perspective on gifted potential and the crucial impact that enrichment work can have for Black students. A systems- wide analysis highlights the innate disparities in gifted delineation as a stark issue of disproportionality with Black students woefully underrepresented in the realm of gifted-type enrichment learning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)

Given the imbalance in the ratio of male to female ADHD diagnosis, there is a dearth of information on the profile for women with ADHD, especially in adulthood and with those of higher intelligence levels (Rommelse et al., 2016). Each, if not all, diagnoses of ADHD or giftedness come from a parent, teacher, or outside observer's scale of symptoms and behaviors (Hay et al., 2007; Klesfjo et al., 2020; Polderman et al., 2007). In this study, ten gifted women with ADHD aged 29-77 completed semi-structured interviews to examine their lived experiences of education, career, and relationships. Using a dual framework of neurodiversity and self-concept, a narrative storytelling methodology was used to frame each perception of giftedness, ADHD, and intersectionality. Key findings from this study included the humanization of giftedness and ADHD characteristics, a societal mistrust of intuition, a need for stable, low-maintenance relationships, and the purpose of masking when defining how individuals construct their personal definition of giftedness and ADHD. New terms were determined to frame the twice-exceptional individual's lived experiences, including neurobordering, neurojuxtaposition, neuromixture, neuro-opposition, and social mistrust of intuition. Implications of this study include a need for more robust vignettes of giftedness and ADHD, understanding twice-exceptional communication needs, therapy and identification protocols, consideration of heritability in diagnosis, and representation in film, literature, and media. Future research consists of an auto narrative of the researcher, demographic variable isolation, widening of inclusion criteria, the impact of adverse life outcomes, intersectional narrative research, and lifetime perspectives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)

Professionals in the fields of mental retardation and giftedness have much to teach each other as well as the field of human development in general. Examining the commonalities and differences between the fields in social issues, definitions, developmental differences from the norm, values and policy issues, and educational and long-term implications deepens insights about both normal and deviant development. The authors stress the importance of individual differences in the differential design of educational strategies and the application of approaches developed with specialized populations to normally developing children. Current social inequalities affect both of these fields in particular ways. Finally, numerous research agendas can be enhanced by including representatives of both ends of the normal curve. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Discusses decisions individuals can make to be creative in their lives, and provides examples and activities for teaching creativity. To a large extent, creativity is a decision. Ten characteristics of people who decide for creativity are as follows: (1) they redefine problems by taking a problem that most people see in 1 way and allow themselves to see it in another way; (2) they analyze their own ideas by being the 1st to decide whether the ideas are really worth pursuing; (3) they sell their ideas, because creative ideas challenge existing ways of doing things; (4) they are knowledgeable, but recognize that knowledge can also impede creativity; (5) they surmount obstacles, because creative people defy the crowd; (6) they are willing to take sensible risks; (7) they are willing to grow by not fighting new ideas that threaten their ideas; (8) they believe in themselves; (9) they tolerate ambiguity long enough to get their ideas right; and (10) they find what they love to do and do it, because people are at their most creative when they are doing what they love to do. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Gifted children, those with unusually high ability in one or more domains, not only develop more rapidly than typical children, but also appear to be qualitatively different. They have an intense drive to master, require little explicit tuition, and, if intellectually gifted, often pose deep philosophical questions. Although some psychologists have tried to account for the achievements of gifted individuals solely in terms of drive or "deliberate practice," no evidence allows us to rule out innate differences in talent. Profiles of gifted individuals are often uneven: Extremely high ability in 1 area can coexist with ordinary or even subnormal ability in another area. Scientific investigation of the gifted reveals the importance of drive and hard work in achievement of any kind, and the lack of necessary correlation among abilities in different areas. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Investigated the extent to which students' common practical abilities relate to academic abilities. 154 gifted and 142 mainstream 8th grade students completed interviews and questionnaires concerning common sense intelligence. Additional collected data included academic achievement records. Results show that practical intelligence was correlated very little with academic achievement. No definitive pattern of relationship between Ss' perceptions of the effectiveness of practical problem-solving strategies and their academic achievement emerged. Low correlations were obtained between problem-solving strategies and academic achievement. Despite academic ability, Ss with high practical intelligence displayed a heightened sense of self and a keener awareness of the hidden curriculum and larger goals of schools. Findings suggest that academically gifted children were similar to mainstream children in their ability to solve practical problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Addresses the issues that have perpetuated the under-representation of African Americans in gifted and talented programs. These issues include inadequate definitions, standardized testing, nomination procedures, learning style preferences, family and peer influences, screening and identification, and gifted underachievers. The article concludes with a discussion on alternative theories of giftedness and the implementation of multicultural education in teacher preparatory programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)

The accuracy of the Brigance K & 1 screen in the early detection of Head Start children with possible cognitive/academic giftedness, was explored. Data were collected from a sample of 134 children (aged 52–69 mo), 13 of whom were identified as potentially gifted on the basis of performance on the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children. Potentially gifted children performed significantly better on the Brigance than nongifted children. Group differences were large and exceeded 1 standard deviation on the Brigance K & 1 total score. Classification analyses indicated that use of the technical manual criteria underreferred potentially gifted children. However, use of local criteria established that the Brigance K & 1 screen has good sensitivity and acceptable specificity in relation to concurrent and predictive cognitive/academic outcomes. Teacher ratings were ineffective in detecting potentially gifted children. The Brigance K & 1 screen may be helpful in the early detection of low-income children who may be cognitively/academically gifted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)

Discusses what is described as a critical area in cognitive neuropsychology in the coming century, that of individual differences in the structure and functional organization of the brain and how they relate to individual differences in cognitive abilities. Examples are related to the neuropsychology of giftedness, specifically the possible origins of the specialized functional organization in the mathematically gifted brain. Implications for education are discussed (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

The Personal Development Test is designed to identify the "at-risk" high school and college freshmen student for dropping out of school. In repeated tests the PDT scores were able to discern between high school and college drop-out students and corresponding typical individuals. In addition, it provides a meaningful index of honesty, and serves to identify the gifted individuals. This is done through the use of 21 Pairs of items from the test scored separately as a Confluence core. Half of those items are opposites, and the other half are at odds to each other in varying degrees; so if an individual scores one of the pairs one way, and fails to score the second item in the pair the opposite, the scores are at odds to fact. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

The author discusses the issue of publishing scientific archives, which has at least two aspects--scientific and ethical. The scientific aspect involves evaluation of the significance of materials for the development of science. This aspect acquires additional importance when archival research discovers opinions which conflict with the publicized version presented in the papers published in the author's lifetime. The ethical side of the problem consists in the inability to answer the question whether the author ever wanted to see his views published. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Introduces the current issue of High Ability Studies, which will mark the premiere of an exceptional format for presenting and discussing new ideas: A target article and peer commentaries. The editorial provides information on submission of electronic manuscripts, and overviews the articles appearing in the current issue of the journal which cover topics including WICS as a model for giftedness, emotional and behavioural adjustment of the gifted, and career orientations of gifted early adolescent girls. In addition, the editorial previews the content of the upcoming issue of High Ability Studies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Dr. Robinson's (see record 2004-11188-001) proposed action plan will serve the needs of highly achieving gifted students. However, defining giftedness as high academic performance based on traditional assessment procedures could reverse the field's fledgling success in supporting culturally diverse gifted children and youth. Changing the focus of equity in gifted education to economic representation will not decrease educators' responsibility to understand the learning needs of racially, culturally, and linguistically diverse students. Nevertheless, a focus on children of poverty with high potential is a worthy and achievable goal and will require extraordinary commitment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

This 10-year longitudinal study sought to determine whether children identified as academically gifted at pre-school but who received no specific support would be identifiably different from their peers after 10 years of Finnish comprehensive school. In 1989, using the Breuer-Weuffen Discrimination Test, 37 students were identified as being gifted, while a control group was also identified. In a 10-year follow-up of both groups, analyses of variance indicated that the gifted group scored significantly higher than the Control group for final school grades and Scholastic Competence. However, low correlations between Scholastic Competence and Global Self-Worth for the gifted group indicated that their school experiences lacked challenge, while girls were found to generally outperform boys. These results suggest that all gifted students would benefit from more specific support. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)