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This book is a unique and practical manual of how to improve interactions that involve adults who stand out from the neurotypical majority by having top 2% IQ. The main message is that understanding the individual differences involved in extreme intelligence and mastering relevant communication skills can break through barriers of frustration, underachievement, and loneliness, to bring about brain-changingly positive conversations and interpersonal effectiveness, connection, and joy. The book begins by explaining the neurophysiological and social foundations of why one communicates the way one does and explains in detail seven essential communication skills. Following this, the author shows how to put these skills into practice, applying insights from depth psychology and demonstrating how to have better conversations in a variety of contexts from general social gatherings to the workplace and intimate relationships. The author draws on case examples from her consulting work (psychotherapy and coaching) with clients who have extreme intelligence, and examples from novels, cinema, the media, the literature on giftedness, and biographical material on high-profile high-IQ figures like Steve Jobs, Elon Musk, and Lady Gaga. Throughout, the author emphasises the theme from her original model of interpersonal relating, which is that experiencing freedom of self-expression with others who offer the reader a high level of acceptance is what puts the reader in a state of thriving. The book provides step-by-step guidance for engaging in numerous interpersonal situations, such as how to handle difficult conversations, how to write effective emails, how to breathe, listen, play, take a risk, bond, repair a broken connection, and keep oneself well through changes like failure, success, and falling in love. It is essential reading for anyone affected by, or interested in, issues associated with extremely high intelligence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: book)

Giftedness and talent are central for understanding and fostering human potential and represent important and exciting research topics. In recent years, numerous new findings on these topics have appeared, some of them as systematic overviews in the form of literature reviews or meta-analyses. This book summarizes important new findings, results, and conceptions. It presents information on the identification and assessment of giftedness and talent and on special fostering options and programs in particular. The book concentrates on the core basics for entering the subject area and provides references to further literature, especially on topics that receive less attention in this book but are nevertheless of great relevance. It is useful for training educators and psychologists, for example, within a seminar. The book begins with the basic question of what giftedness is and how it relates to exceptional performance. It discusses the role that intelligence and creativity play in giftedness, and presents basic knowledge about both constructs. Furthermore, regarding the connection between giftedness and exceptional performance, the book offers a critical perspective on the respective contributions of the differential approach of giftedness research and of expertise research. It discusses three pioneering longitudinal studies with gifted students: the Terman Study and the Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth from the USA and the Marburg Gifted Project from Germany. The book describes the relationship between intelligence and academic achievement, and distinguishes between implicit and explicit theories of giftedness, and the harmony and the disharmony hypothesis. It deals with how gifted students can be identified. Intelligence tests continue to play a central role here, and one will learn what to consider when selecting intelligence tests for giftedness diagnostics and about the problem of ceiling effects in many of the available test procedures. Finally, the book examines supporting gifted students in school and early childhood education. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

This chapter introduces 3 models, or lenses, which provide a framework for focusing on work that is client-directed and strengths-based: innerview guidance; transrational philosophy; and solution-focused approach. The authors explain how spiritually integrated coaching practices utilize these 3 lenses and demonstrate the processes that empower the client to become the expert on their own life. The case study explores the coaching journey of Alina, a data-entry clerk in her early 30s, who sought to discover her life's purpose and create a happier life. Despite her Romanian Orthodox upbringing, Alina had lost touch with her spiritual side and felt unfulfilled. The coach employed a unique approach, combining traditional coaching techniques with imaginative exercises and artwork. Through drawing and coloring, Alina was able to tap into her unconscious mind and gain insight into her desires and blocks. The coach used powerful questioning to help Alina explore her images and uncover hidden strengths and areas of giftedness. While Alina made significant progress, including identifying joyful activities and adjusting her work schedule, she ultimately did not find her life's purpose. The coach attributes this to Alina's unresolved childhood traumas and lack of faith dimension in her search for purpose. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

This chapter introduces pairing imaginative exercises and artwork with traditional coaching and focuses on working with the symbolic imagination. The author explains the Image Guidance process, which involves the client's own unique imagery. She demonstrates how this is utilized to effect change, thus aiding in the client's journey to finding happiness and life purpose. This case study explores the coaching journey of Alina, a data-entry clerk in her early 30s, who sought to discover her life's purpose and create a happier life. Despite her Romanian Orthodox upbringing, Alina had lost touch with her spiritual side and felt unfulfilled. The coach employed a unique approach, combining traditional coaching techniques with imaginative exercises and artwork. Through drawing and coloring, Alina was able to tap into her unconscious mind and gain insight into her desires and blocks. The coach used powerful questioning to help Alina explore her images and uncover hidden strengths and areas of giftedness. While Alina made significant progress, including identifying joyful activities and adjusting her work schedule, she ultimately did not find her life's purpose. The coach attributes this to Alina's unresolved childhood traumas and lack of faith dimension in her search for purpose. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

This chapter focuses on exceptionality, specifically giftedness, in African American, Latinx, and emergent bilingual students (EB) due to the breadth and depth of existing literature on these populations relative to other minoritized groups. It also utilizes Critical Race Theory (CRT) as a framework to understand why these groups have historically been and continue to be excluded from gifted education. Systemic factors such as enrollment in low-resourced and overcrowded schools, tracking, school discipline, and criminalization of minoritized youth create educational inequities. Additionally, racism, narrow views of giftedness, linguistic discrimination, and the instruments and processes used to identify exceptionalities disproportionately impact African American, Latinx, and EB students. These factors often preclude minoritized students from being referred, identified, and placed in gifted programs. The chapter begins with a discussion of how giftedness has been defined. It reviews disparities in gifted education, analyzes said disparities using CRT, examines the unique experiences of gifted African American, Latinx, and EB students, and concludes with a discussion of approaches and recommendations to advance minoritized students' access and success. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: create)

Children with high learning potential or giftedness have remarkable potential. This book offers the DME-C approach, which is a tried-and-tested approach to help children who have challenges relating to their high learning potential, as well as sensory processing differences, unhelpful thought patterns and self-regulation. It draws on the heart of occupational therapy that considers the whole profile of the child, actively caters to the unique profiles of children with dual or multiple exceptionality (DME) or twice exceptionality (2e), and guides therapists towards therapy provision that is strengths-based and achieves favourable outcomes. The book includes a clear and comprehensive introduction to high learning potential and DME or twice exceptionality (2e), along with guidance to help identify children with these profiles. It covers questions and concerns occupational therapists may have when working with children with DME or 2e. The book considers the similarities and differences between high learning potential/DME/2e and neurodivergent conditions such as developmental coordination disorder, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, with a focus on sensory processing differences. It explains, in easy-to-understand language, the full DME-C therapy approach, with a range of example activities to use in therapy to achieve its principles, and a suggested therapy progression plan. The book is packed full of real-life case studies to translate theory into practice. It empowers therapists and educational professionals further by drawing attention to how they can better relate to children with DME/2e in therapy regardless of the children's specific needs. Full of examples and with the voices of parents and children at its heart, this resource is essential reading for occupational therapists, special educational needs and disabilities coordinators, education psychologists and other relevant professionals who want to improve the lives and wellbeing of children with DME or twice exceptionality and help them reach their full potential. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: book)

Attitudes toward the gifted in a social environment can be either encouraging or inhibiting for their development. The phenomenon of the complexity of giftedness is attracting more attention from numerous researchers. A pluralistic approach to the phenomenon of giftedness opens the way to an empirical validation of the phenomenon, but the abundance of empirical materials from both the twentieth and the twenty-first centuries provide no unambiguous results. The empirical data suggest an increasing percentage (20%t and more) of the gifted are unsuccessful (i.e., the phenomenon of underachievers in schools). This chapter highlights empirical, independent research projects of Krneta, as well as some other relevant researchers. The results obtained from the relevant samples from Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Croatia may be useful to other educational systems in the region, due to the similarities between the Balkan countries. The findings reflect the social context of the countries from the region (i.e., in transition) and may be related to the education of the gifted, the brain drain, and the capacities of the (local) economy to employ the gifted and to use their creative capacities. Implications include a need to design adequate educational support for gifted students and communication in schools. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

This book answers the following questions about underachievement: What are the major factors influencing underachievement? Is it a case of once an underachiever, always an underachiever? How is underachievement determined? Are there levels of underachievement, and does it matter? How does it compare to overachieving? Is "underachiever" a preventable status for gifted individuals? How does underachievement look in settings beyond the classroom? and Is it socialized or taught? This book provides an opportunity for researchers, professionals, and practitioners working directly with gifted individuals to engage with and examine the concept of underachievement of highly capable and talented individuals from different perspectives. Chapters written by experts in gifted education from diverse backgrounds explore underachievement in principle, illuminate underachievement as a response to written and unwritten policy and practice, showcase ranges of intellectual capability outside of traditional academic subjects, shift deficit views of not meeting rigid expectations to honoring interests and cultural values of the individual, and provide suggested and proven practices and services as solutions to bridge the gaps in achievement and performance for gifted and talented students. Expertly blending theory with practice, the book is a must-read for all practitioners, educators of gifted individuals, and researchers seeking more opportunities to help students align how they choose to exhibit their talent and efforts with external and internal expectations, personal interests, and cultural values to reach their maximum potential. Part I, "Perspectives", offers background information on underachievement in principle to include factors and manifestation. Part II, "Practices", illuminates underachievement as a response to policy and practices put in place by stakeholders, written or unwritten, and gaps within well-intended policy, that lead to underachievement. Part III, "Possibilities", shifts focus from deficit views to honoring individual interests and cultural values, showcasing gifted students' diverse capabilities beyond traditional subjects and rigid expectations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

The cognitive, social, and emotional characteristics of gifted students that lead to underachievement remain misunderstood by many educators. There are still myths that maintain that gifted students should excel in every academic endeavor, and whenever they don't, this is simply them underachieving. There are those who do not acknowledge, let along address, the learning disabilities of gifted student when they co-exist. On the other hand, when students are in a position to move on when ready or compact the curriculum when they have obviously mastered the content, some educators will not extend learning with more rigorous content, also causing the students not to maximize their academic talents. The impactful reality of underachievement of gifted students can generate scars (negative implications) for their entire lives in terms of identity and talent development. As such, the authors emphasize the importance of continuing education for all teachers, of continual and updated training. All students deserve to learn at a pace and level which are respectful (appropriately rigorous, challenging, and responsive to their learners' profile. And it is the responsibility of all educators to strategically and effectively appeal to the unique needs of each student. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

This chapter is grounded in the supposition that competitive, varsity-level sports serve as a source that has not been utilized to identify academically gifted students who may have been overlooked and/or underserved, due to the discriminatory nature in which educational systems have historically regarded and identified giftedness in students. There are some scholar-athletes whose kinesthetically gifted traits may otherwise go undervalued and be misperceived as physical talent only. As such, this is a lost opportunity to translate these strengths for academic success, resulting in incomplete development of the gifts and talents, which is another form of underachievement that affects potential in and out of the classroom. The chapter provides an example that offers an ethnographic and anecdotal vignette. It illuminates the positive impact of the intersectionality (compounded effects of overlapping conditions) of a student-athlete's diverse expression of gifts and talents. The authors have laid out evidence and processes that support observing and translating athletic talent as an identified gift to address unidentified and academically-undervalued talents of gifted scholar-athletes. They integrate kinesiology to understand the psychology and cognitive processes behind athletic talent as displayed by on-field cognitive skills. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

Giftedness is more than a student's score on an IQ test or their performance on a series of academic tests. It involves every aspect of the person, including intellectual and social-emotional development. Understanding the complex nature of giftedness is the first step to supporting our gifted youth. Designed to provide support for the difficult job of parenting gifted children, this third edition provides the resource one need to not only understand why gifted children are so extreme in their behavior but also learn specific strategies to teach the children how to live with their intensity. This book puts increased emphasis on strategies to help within the home setting, as well as expanding the sections on twice-exceptional children, addressing social-emotional learning and the impact of trauma, expanding support for unhealthy perfectionism and executive function underdevelopment, and the most recent research regarding the social and emotional needs of gifted children. Presented in a readable and practical format, updated case studies and role-playing scenarios bring the information to life to provide with the tools needed to make a positive and lasting impact on child. The book includes an updated research addressing the neurobiology of gifted people and the social-emotional development of gifted children, including toddlers. It presents new and expanded case studies, role-plays, and interviews with parents of gifted children to provide real-world examples of the information. The book shares tips to address underperformance, perfectionism, and social-emotional wellness and explains evidence-based strategies to assist parents in helping build emotional intelligence, resilience, and empathy in their children. The book discusses updated and expanded resources which provide parents and educators with extended learning opportunities in areas of interest or concern. This practical new edition is a must-read for anyone wishing to make a positive and lasting impact on the lives of gifted children. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: book)

In this study, we used an action research approach and quantitative and qualitative data to investigate the need for, implementation of, and outcomes of a mindfulness curriculum with 52 fourth-grade students identified as having gifts and talents. We gathered data throughout the 15-week semester of implementing a mindfulness curriculum. Regular check-ins, journaling with the four participating teacher-researchers, and creative responses from student participants were also used as data. Coming from an action research background, we were open to discovering new questions as they arose. Still, our primary question was: Will we see any measurable change in the behaviors and indicators of stress, emotional regulation, and mindfulness in our classrooms after implementing a mindfulness curriculum with our fourth-grade students? We discuss the results and the implications of our findings for future research and practice.

The purpose of this dissertation was to discover the unique characteristics and emotional needs of gifted children (and by inference gifted teens and adults) to better understand their personality and emotional vulnerabilities that might possibly predispose them to trauma. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to discover the intersection between the common characteristics of giftedness, frequency of trauma, and effective and efficient models of trauma recovery. This writer discovered an alarming research gap indicating the need for further serious study regarding the effects of trauma on gifted children. We hope this dissertation facilitates greater understanding for parents, friends, professionals in the areas of education, medicine, and mental health, and the public in general regarding the unique personality characteristics and emotional needs of gifted children who are not better-than, but simply different, and how to judiciously identify and resolve trauma so painful setbacks to living their fullest potential may be healed and roadblocks removed, allowing them to live fuller, more satisfying lives and possibly bring urgently needed options and benefits to society and our planet. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

This qualitative research study sought to understand how Latino parents use parental academic socialization (Hill & Tyson, 2009) and consejos (Delgado-Gaitán, 1994; Alfaro et al., 2014) as forms of home-based parental involvement to converse about education. A phenomenology approach was used to research and analyze data to describe the lived experiences of Latino parents raising academically gifted children middle schoolers while engaging in academic discourse. This study used semi-structured interviews with sixteen Latino participants who were US-born (n = 7) and Mexico-born (n = 9) from a large urban school district in a Midwestern city. The following major themes emerged: 1) parental academic socialization, 2) consejos, and 3) other educational messages. As it pertains to Theme 1, results showed Latino parents instill values, expect their gifted child to study for college, explore high schools and careers, teach responsibility and self-advocacy, and desire for a professional career. In regards to Theme 2, results indicated that Latino parents discuss better opportunities in the US, adolescent witness their parents' adversities, and instill a positive mindset to "do your best" or echarle ganas through the use of storytelling. Theme 3 showed that parents discussed supporting their child and have concerns about friends, physical safety, and their social-emotional challenges related to giftedness. This study contributes new information about how Latino parents utilize parental academic socialization and consejos to convey the importance of education and support their child's academic trajectories through developmental and educational perspectives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

The underrepresentation of Latin students in gifted programs is a serious problem that plagues public schools nationwide. Traditionally, teachers' nomination is the most frequent method used for identifying students for gifted programs. Seeking to understand how teachers' perceptions of giftedness influenced the nomination of potentially gifted Latin students, this qualitative study used semi-structured interviews with eight participants and a follow-up focus group in a Midwestern urban district. The researcher used a hermeneutic phenomenological approach as part of the analytical framework. This research identified several major findings: 1) most participants had narrow and subjective definitions of giftedness that varied based on their levels of training and teaching experience, but none of the participants' definitions were culturally inclusive. However, their conceptual definitions of giftedness did not necessarily mirror their description of robust referral and teaching practices; 2) teachers' perceptions of potentially gifted Latin students influenced the nomination process that varied due to their different biases and cultural models; 3) Latin parents were not involved in the nomination process and most teachers did not appear to value their participation. Some teachers expressed a deficit perspective of these families and students; 4) all participants increased the nomination of potentially gifted Latin students using traditional and nontraditional assessment tools; 5) three out of the four schools lacked adequate programming to meet the needs of potentially gifted Latin students.Key terms: underrepresentation, giftedness, teachers' perceptions, identification. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Background: English Learners (ELs) are vastly underrepresented in gifted and talented (GT) programs compared to their peers in other mainstream populations. ELs are a growing population in the nation's public-school system. Although this population is seeing growth at a fast pace, the enrollment of ELs in gifted programming continues to lag. Existing methods of identifying students with gifts and talents rely on the use of standardized testing to measure general intelligence (Beyer & Johnson, 2014). Further, classroom teachers often serve as gatekeepers to gifted identification, with teacher nominations commonly used as a referral tool in the process. Given this, both the methods for evaluating students for GT programs and implicit bias on behalf of teachers can serve as a barrier to identifying gifted English learners. Purpose: The study examined existing gifted identification practices in Region 4 (R4) districts and their impact on the number of ELs identified for GT programs. RQs: 1.) What are current practices in identifying students for gifted programming among a sample of districts in R4? 2.) What are the differences in the percentage of ELs identified for GT programs using the various identification practices? Methods: Descriptive data from school districts in R4 and their GT procedures was utilized. R4 represents the Houston area and serves a diverse population of more than 1.2 million students. Fourteen school districts in R4 were identified as the sample for this study based on specific criteria. Data collected from districts about their use of various methods and processes to identify giftedness was described. Descriptive data provided a general overview of GT identification practices within R4. Linear regression was used to analyze data. Results: Descriptive statistics showed that disparities existed in R4 in the percentages of both GT enrollment and ELs in GT. One-half of the sample has EL enrollment that ranges from 20%-40%. The sample relies heavily on the use of ability testing along with parent and teacher ratings. Variance was found in the utilization of achievement testing. A linear regression found that the percentage of ELs enrolled in a school district was significant in determining the number of ELs subsequently identified as GT. A second linear regression showed that the use of achievement testing did not have a significant impact on the number of ELs identified for GT. Conclusion: R4 has a disproportionate representation of ELs in GT programs. R4 struggles with meeting the needs of its largest sub-population, as GT enrollment is not indicative of enrollment trends of the region. Existing identification practices serve as a barrier for equitable representation in GT programs. School districts with high enrollment rates of ELs also saw higher rates of ELs in GT. Literature supports that the use of achievement testing measures the concepts its intended to, but fails to comprehensively identify giftedness in the various ways it may manifest. Expanding universal screening procedures is an implication for practice while further research should focus on the rate of language acquisition as a factor to determine giftedness in ELs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Leaders influence their surroundings in many ways. In companies, leaders impact work satisfaction, commitment, and engagement (Kouzes & Posner, 2015). In schools, leaders affect student behavior and learning outcomes (Wallace, 2006). Utilizing the Productive Giftedness Model (Paik, 2013, 2015), the present research examines the individual aptitude, instructional, and environmental factors that influence the development of young leaders in Indonesia. Participants in the study were recruited by Indonesia Mengajar, a highly selective intervention program in Indonesia which aims to improve educational conditions around the nation through the mobilization and equipping of local stakeholders. In order to examine leader development from the early to later years, the study uses a mixed-method approach that includes an online survey and a structured interview. Findings from the study demonstrate that leaders are made through a combination of opportunity, support, and resources. Most importantly, findings point to the integral role parents and schools play in the development of leaders and leader-related skills. Parents, educators and policymakers should ensure that every child has access to favorable conditions that will help cultivate leader-related skills from an early age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

Given the historic underrepresentation of minority and low-income students in gifted programs, this study sought to address the unique characteristics of the gifted student while also considering the uniqueness of the student’s school community. The initial design compared the use of dynamic intellectual assessment to traditional (or static) assessment for identifying eligibility in such programs.COVID-19 restrictions determined a redesign, since this national emergency precluded access to school buildings by students, staff, and families, which meant the comparison of assessment instruments would not be possible. As a result, a qualitative case study was employed, examining related research questions important to the problem of underrepresentation among minority and low-income students.The research question is as follows: In a school serving a predominantly African American community, how do stakeholders describe what they see in children who reveal a “gifted spark”? What do stakeholders identify as resources that nurture children with potential gifts and talents and what do they see as obstacles? Interviews were conducted with teachers, parents, and administrators via the Zoom online platform.Findings suggest that stakeholder perceptions understand giftedness as evident in a variety of realms including intellectual ability, academic achievement, creativity, and leadership. Participants also proposed the possibility of a “leadership community” to nurture the gifted student within the school community, where there is no designated “gifted” program. The study contributes to the literature in conceptualizing giftedness from the perspective of teachers, administrators, and parents in an educational setting serving a high population of Black/African-American students. It points to strategies and resources for addressing the problem of underrepresentation, including the use of alternative assessment instruments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)