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In this article we present research concerning important aspects of domain-specific giftedness. Specifically, we address the evidence regarding the relationship between specific abilities and achievement. Empirical evidence suggests that specific abilities have been used widely and validly for identification of exceptional talent in performance domains, and mathematical and spatial reasoning ability have demonstrated predictive validity for achievement in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) domains. We note that domains of talent have unique trajectories and discuss four critical aspects of domain-specific giftedness. These include the developmental nature of giftedness (giftedness moves from potential to competency to expertise and possibly to eminence over time); the temporal nature of giftedness (that domains vary in their starting, peak, and ending points); the contextual aspect of giftedness (societal value of some domains over others, changing of domains and emergence of new domains, and the environmental influences in fostering domain-specific achievement); and the relative nature of giftedness (childhood giftedness is advancement relative to age peers, and adult giftedness is exceptional achievement relative to other domain experts). Finally, we present some implications of a domain perspective on giftedness for educational practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
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Giftedness is a multifaceted concept that involves a wide range of inputs and outputs. Hence, there are many theories suggesting a multidimensionality of giftedness. The aim of the present paper is (a) to position giftedness in terms of the processes involved and (b) to propose a multidimensional conception in order to differentiate creative and academic giftedness. Creative giftedness is represented by a high ability to produce ideas that are original and valuable in a specific domain or in several domains of work. There are many arguments that set creative giftedness apart from other types of giftedness. First, some empirical and theoretical data suggest that creativity is a specific characteristic that is independent from intelligence. Moreover, high levels of creativity are explained by specific processes that are not involved in high academic achievement. Finally, some researchers have observed cognitive styles and personality traits that may explain the distinction between high academic performance and highly creative performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
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This article presents two independent studies of Finnish teachers’ conceptions of giftedness and considers whether it is a malleable or fixed quality. The first qualitative study examined elementary school teachers’ ( N = 212) conceptions via inductive-oriented content analysis, whereas the second study measured teachers’ (elementary n = 184, secondary n = 279) conceptions with a quantitative approach. According to teachers’ open-ended definitions, giftedness was seen to be multidimensional and a characteristic that differentiates the person from others. Giftedness was also described via cognitive, creative, and motivational features of the gifted. Furthermore, the two independent studies suggest quite different views on how Finnish teachers understand the developmental nature of giftedness: The first indicates that the developmental nature of giftedness was not frequently mentioned, whereas the second found that a malleable view of giftedness (i.e., a growth mindset) was dominant. Thus, this article highlights a need for in-depth and mixed-methods research designs to study how teachers see the developing nature of giftedness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
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This article stresses the social importance of the problem of giftedness and in this connection the necessity to clarify this concept scientifically. The history of this problem reveals the origins of reduction of the concept and the wide-spread notion of giftedness as "intelligence level above average."There are two reasons of it: 1) Galton's components of giftedness were put into a complex; 2) there were no measuring techniques of this complex. The unit of the analysis of giftedness was formed after Galton's notion of giftedness as comprised of components was supplemented with the method of measurement -"systematic observation"- and understood as an ability to generate activity at one's own initiative. Then it became possible to realize Galton's concept of giftedness as a manifestation of mind and character. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
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