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In Germany, parents can request counseling and assessment of school-related learning and behavioral issues from either independent counseling centers or school-based ones. Focusing on giftedness consultations at independent counseling centers, the goal of this study is to provide a detailed description of the reasons for and the issues discussed during the consultation process. Specifically, the frequency and relationships among each other are examined as well as the relationships with the client characteristics gender, age, and ability. A questionnaire, completed by the counseling professionals, was used to assess the reasons that were given for seeking consultation and the topics that were addressed during the counseling process at 14 psychodiagnostic counseling centers. Overall, data from 156 children and adolescents (25% female) were included in the analyses. Frequent reasons for and topics of the consultations were giftedness assessment, advocacy of gifted education, and motivation. Correlation analyses identified two separate groups of themes: “social and behavioral problems” and “learning disorders and achievement-related problems.” Whereas the motives for seeking consultation and the counseling issues were typically the same for both boys and girls, some of these varied greatly depending on age, type of school, and aptitude of the children. These results are discussed with respect to the current state of research as well as their implications for counseling practice and the qualifications of the professional counseling personnel. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

The Actiotope Model of Giftedness (AMG) focuses on person–environment interactions to define giftedness. The development of the Questionnaire of Educational and Learning Capital (QELC) was based on the AMG. The first aim of this study was to present the reliability and validity of a Turkish version of the QELC for 10th grade students. The second aim of this study was the administration of the QELC in gifted and non-gifted students and the determination of mean QELC-scale differences between both groups. Two different samples were included in the study. In the first sample, 421 10th grade students took the QELC (147 boys, 274 girls). The second sample consisted of 38 gifted students and 38 non-gifted students, the latter randomly selected from the first sample. In addition to the QELC, confidence in one’s competence, failure coping, stability and modifiability beliefs regarding one’s action repertoire were assessed and used to validate the QELC. School grades were collected, too. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor structure of the QELC (i.e., educational capital and learning capital). The results supported the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of QELC. Gifted students had lower scores in educational as well as learning capital than non-gifted students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Previous studies on intelligence have demonstrated that higher abilities are associated with lower brain activation, indicating a higher neural efficiency. In other words, more able individuals use fewer brain resources. However, it is unclear whether the neural efficiency phenomenon also appears for mathematical performance, which is influenced by both domain-general giftedness and domain-specific competencies. Therefore, this study examined the effects of general giftedness (G) and excellence in mathematics (EM) on performance and brain activation while solving learning-based mathematical tasks that required translation from graphical to symbolic representations of functions. Overall, 118 high school students (aged 16–18) participated in the present study and were divided according to G and EM using a 2 × 2 study design. Participants worked on a function task requiring translation between symbolic and graphical representations of functions. Analyses of the behavioral data revealed positive effects of both G and EM on the accuracy of solutions and an interaction effect of both factors on reaction times, reflecting a positive effect of EM only among the gifted individuals. EEG analyses focused on oscillatory activity in the theta and alpha frequency bands and showed a significant effect of EM in the upper alpha band (10–12 Hz) event-related desynchronization (ERD) for both graphical and symbolic representations. Specifically, higher (compared to lower) EM was associated with a larger alpha ERD, indicating a higher level of brain activity. This stands in contrast with the neural efficiency phenomenon. These findings suggest that the neural efficiency phenomenon cannot be generalized to higher-order mathematical demands in high-performing individuals. Several explanations for this limitation are offered. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Teachers play important roles in identifying and promoting gifted students. An open question is: Which student characteristics do teachers use to evaluate whether a student is gifted or not? We used data from a representative sample of Dutch primary school teachers ( N = 1,304) who were asked whether or not they thought the students ( N = 26,720) in their class were gifted. We investigated students’ cognitive and noncognitive attributes as well as demographic factors that might be relevant for this judgment. In sum, the findings revealed that teachers considered students to be gifted when, in comparison with their peers, students were superior in cognitive domains, especially with respect to academic achievement, scored higher on openness to experience and lower on agreeableness, were male, were younger, and came from families with higher parental education. These findings are discussed in relation to research on teacher nominations, teachers’ representations of giftedness and gifted students, and theoretical conceptions of giftedness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

It is common practice in the educational system to foster high mathematical abilities in schools as well as in specific promotional programs. Still, little is known about the construct of mathematical giftedness itself. In line with intellectual investment theories, our study investigates the relationship between fluid intelligence (figural and numerical), openness, and the need for cognition with mathematical abilities. The current study is based on a sample (N = 115) of seventh graders participating in the application process for a promotion program. The results of our regression analyses show a positive link between fluid intelligence and mathematical abilities. However, neither the association with openness nor the need for cognition reached significance, emphasizing the importance of cognitive abilities for mathematical giftedness. Limitations and further directions are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

This study examined Finnish eighth graders’ (N = 1136) educational aspirations and how those can be predicted by mindsets, academic achievement, and gender. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate how two mindset constructs (intelligence and giftedness), domain-specific academic performance (mathematics and reading), and gender relate to students’ educational aspirations on three levels (academic, vocational, and unknown). The growth mindset about giftedness was found to predict unknown aspirations, whereas the growth mindset about intelligence did not predict educational aspirations. High performance in math predicted students’ academic aspirations, but performance in reading did not predict educational aspirations. Gender-related differences were found, as boys seem to have vocational aspirations, but the effect did not penetrate all schools. Lastly, students’ aspirations differed between schools: from some schools, students are more likely to apply to university, while from other schools, students are more likely to apply to vocational education. Overall, the study demonstrated that a growth mindset does not directly predict academic aspirations, and the relationship between implicit beliefs and educational outcomes might be more complex than suggested. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Accurate assessment and early identification of gifted children is of great importance in terms of providing them with educational programs tailored for their abilities in specific areas. Individually administered intelligence tests are widely used to identify gifted children, and an above-average level of intellectual capacity is generally accepted as the main criterion for giftedness. This study aimed to investigate the utility of the Turkish version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) to distinguish gifted children from non-gifted children. For this purpose, 201 gifted children and 201 non-gifted children were included in the study. To be able to determine the predictive power of the WISC-IV index and subtest scores, logistic regression analyses were performed. Results indicated that the Perceptual Reasoning Index, Working Memory Index, and Processing Speed Index scores (except Verbal Comprehension Index score), and all subtest scores significantly predicted giftedness. Furthermore, correct classification rates among gifted children were 93% for index scores and 97% for subtest scores. The findings of this study suggest that intelligence scores obtained from the WISC-IV have a diagnostic utility and provide valid and reliable results in identifying gifted children. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

For more than 90 years, terminology related to giftedness in Brazil has evolved, proliferating terms used to describe gifted individuals. Terms such as superdotado (the common translation of gifted into Portuguese) may lead lay people to think of gifted students as only those with extremely high ability or extraordinary capabilities and is often used in a way that carries a negative connotation. On the other hand, terms such as high ability student, which is associated with academics, and talented, which suggests artistic endeavors, may not capture the full range of possible areas in which a student can be gifted. We argue that because terminology is important and can influence policy and practice, it is crucial to have clear definitions, but it is even more important to go beyond terms to clarify the phenomenon of giftedness, disseminate relevant research, and inform parents of gifted students and professionals working with these students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

To determine if a person is gifted or not, the government sets the criteria of identification since giftedness is an abstract concept. However, the standard has always been decided and affected by the attitudes of the education authority and the allocation of resources. The opportunities for some potential learners to participate in gifted programs are often closed because of high identification criteria on standardized tests, especially intelligence tests. To bridge the achievement and the opportunity gaps between regular and gifted students with disabilities or different cultural backgrounds, educators are encouraged to apply the talent development model to develop hidden potential rather than focus on identification or labeling students as “gifted.” Every child is unique and has strengths and weakness. It is time to change the rigid concept of giftedness and expand the concept to discover multiple talents. The most important aspect is no longer defining intelligence merely as g or IQ. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Recent studies have demonstrated the strong influence emotions have on the holistic growth of children with conventional development. Moreover, there is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that the affective-emotional component could play a major role in the cognitive and psychological wellbeing of children and adolescents with nonstandard development or atypical skills. In this regard, in the current opinion article we discuss the likelihood that the affective-emotional component is one of the definitory elements of gifted children and teenagers showing high intellectual capacities. While some authors claim that intellectual giftedness is associated with strong social-emotional capacities and relate high intellectual ability with the acquisition and development of techniques to compensate for potential psycho-social issues, other authors suggest that gifted children are potentially more vulnerable and have additional social-emotional needs as compared with their peers. The current uncertainty in the literature is a barrier to adequately inform and orient psychological and educational actions, and empirical data is required to fully comprehend the genuine meaning of giftedness and its relationship with emotional processing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Intellectual giftedness is commonly associated with a high level of intellectual functioning, an identification process whereby individuals are labeled as gifted, and adjustments in schools such as grade skipping. During adolescence, all these factors are prone to reduce peer connectedness and school life satisfaction. The aim of the present study was to disentangle the effects of these factors in a sample of 492 sixth and 10th graders. We identified three subsamples based on different characteristics associated with giftedness: students previously identified as gifted ( n = 66), students who scored in the top 10% on a general intelligence test ( n = 49), and students who had skipped a grade ( n = 57). Comparative analysis showed that none of these subsamples differed from their respective control groups on school life satisfaction. Students labeled as gifted reported a lower level of peer connectedness, and the latter's contribution to school life satisfaction was significantly stronger within this subsample. These results underscore the importance of social integration for adolescents identified as intellectually gifted and exclude grade skipping as a risk factor. Moreover, high intellectual level does not seem to impact either school life satisfaction or peer connectedness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Bruce M. Shore’s research contributions in gifted education have focused on three contexts that impact how giftedness is understood and the instructional environments that serve gifted learners’ educational needs. This article describes these contributions and provides selected examples plus a more complete Supplemental Online bibliography. First, giftedness benefits from being conceptualized in terms of theories that address the development of expertise. Featured expert– gifted parallels include interconnectedness of knowledge, metacognitive processes, perspective taking, active learner roles, affinity for novelty and complexity, and task representation and planning. Illustrative research is described from preschool age through higher education, including connections to creativity research. Second, gifted education benefits when guided by social-constructivist theory of education and its expression in inquiry-based instruction. Examples include building upon learner interests, question asking, collaborative inquiry, and active learner roles. Desirable specific instructional practices are framed by the above theories and by being considered in the contexts of widely recommended and best practices with their research support. Third, gifted education, at all levels including higher education and teacher education, needs to be an integral part of the context of general education. Most specific gifted education practices also work in general education, including learning high-level skills within subject matter. Nineteen examples are cited about how gifted education contributes to the quality of general education. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Our study revolves around the concept of giftedness and the various factors that influence it, in a socio–historical and current context, following the definition of the phenomenon from ancient cultures to the present day, the consequences of its existence, its measurement possibilities and development. We explain the impact of intelligence, creativity, motivation, performance needs and other factors, how these processes and skills contribute (or not) to the development of giftedness. In the end, we will talk about a group of talents-the twice-exceptional talents -who need a great deal of help in getting their skills to the surface and consolidating in the most effective way. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract) Resumen en idioma originalTanulmányunk a tehetség és az azt befolyásoló, különböző tényezők koncepcióját járja körül társadalmi-történelmi és aktuális keretek között, az ősi kultúráktól napjainkig követve a jelenség definiálását, meglétének következményeit, mérésének lehetőségeit és fejlődését. Kifejtjük az intelligencia, a kreativitás, a motiváció, a teljesítményigény és egyéb, más tényezők hatását, azt, hogy e folyamatok, képességek hogyan, miben járulnak hozzá (vagy nem) a tehetség kibontakozásához. Végezetül pedig szót ejtünk egy olyan tehetségcsoportról – kétszeresen kivételesek –, akik különösen nagy segítséget igényelnek abban, hogy képességeik a leghatékonyabb módon jöjjenek felszínre és szilárduljanak meg. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

The problem of culturally, linguistically, and economically diverse (CLED) student underrepresentation in gifted programs demonstrates a need to examine systemic processes, including the building of systemic capacity at the district and school levels where policies for gifted programs are formed and implemented. To examine the effects of this process on one diverse district’s gifted identification and services, we conducted 10 focus group interviews with 61 participants including gifted coordinators, teacher leaders, and gifted facilitators in the middle of a district initiative aimed at improving equitable identification and services in its gifted program. Data were analyzed using the six-phase approach of Thematic Analysis, which included (1) familiarization, (2) coding, (3) searching for themes, (4) reviewing themes, (5) defining and naming themes, and then (6) writing our report. Three overarching themes emerged from the in-depth analysis: (1) building systemic capacity, (2) shifting conceptions of giftedness, and (3) equitable identification practices and inclusive programming. Findings indicated the importance of systemic capacity building in teachers for improved CLED student identification into gifted programs and services. Essentially, building systemic capacity and shifting conceptions of giftedness share a reciprocal relationship in leading to more equitable gifted identification practices and inclusive programming. Moreover, implementing flexible and nuanced policy that takes into consideration school climate and culture is critical to building systemic capacity while working toward goals of equity. Recommendations are provided for researchers and practitioners based on these major findings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

The identification of students for participation in gifted education programs has traditionally involved the use of some combination of cognitive ability measures and teacher recommendations. Research has demonstrated that these approaches may limit the participation of students from diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. In order to address this issue, efforts have been made to develop assessments and techniques that are more equitable for all students. The current study was focused on the development of a scale based on parental descriptions of aspects giftedness displayed by their child. Topic-modeling via latent dirichlet analysis was used to extract themes from 13 written responses by parents. The topics were then used in a nonlinear principal components analysis to develop a scale score. Evidence for validity was then investigated for these scores in a variety of ways. Results demonstrated that scores differed between student groups as expected, and correlations with other measures associated with giftedness were in the expected direction and magnitude. Implications and utility of this scale are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Discusses socioculturally promoted biases against the education of gifted females and the disparity between male and female representation among the illustrious. The perspectives of gifted women including L. S. Hollingworth (1914, 1926), M. C. Thomas, and men such as John Stuart Mill (1869) supporting the advocation of educational equity are contrasted with those of men such as Sir Francis Galton (1870) and E. Clarke (1873) whose scholarly propositions provided "scientific proof" that females were intellectually inferior, providing an "acceptable" discriminatory basis for hindering women from the attainment of eminence. A newer, more equitable definition of giftedness focuses on the inner experience of the gifted person throughout the life span, and on how gifted women define success. The developmental aspects characteristic of giftedness, viewed as less culturally biased than achievement, are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Provides an overview of the literature on the metacognitive development (MD) in gifted and nongifted children. Research is examined regarding declarative metacognitive knowledge (DMK), cognitive monitoring (CM), and strategy regulation and control. DMK development seems to follow a monotonic pattern, with giftedness advantages appearing at all ages. CM seems to be equally difficult for gifted and nongifted children at all ages. For both spontaneous and complex strategy use, few developmental differences are found during elementary school years. Developmental differences may increase with age, but more investigations using older gifted children and children with domain-specific knowledge are necessary. The ability to transfer a trained strategy seems to favor the gifted. However, research indicates that gifted children may not have more advanced ability in all areas of metacognition, and that multiple factors are responsible for giftedness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)

The present paper is based on questions of the theoretical conceptualization of the hypothetical construct "creativity", its operationalization and corresponding measurement problems. Intelligence and creativity are seen here as two complementary components with regard to solving complex cognitive problems. In addition to newer research paradigms and models, empirical results of current research on giftedness and creativity will be presented. The focus will be on four main topics: (1) giftedness and creativity characteristics as individual determinants of achievement (at school, university, and work); (2) social and cultural conditions of the development of domain specific competencies and achievements; (3) development of excellent achievement in light of modern life span research and sex related differences; and (4) integrative approaches to identifying highly able and creative students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Describes the interrelationships among intelligence, humor and giftedness. Intellectually gifted students possess a number of common characteristics, one of which is an advanced sense of humor. Many theories believe that the key concept of humor is understanding incongruity, and this involves a mental process similar to problem solving. Research evidence on the relationship between intelligence and humor is equivocal. However, many researchers (e.g., Piaget) have related cognitive development to changes in humor comprehension and in what is considered as humorous; the association of humor with giftedness is also supported. Issues such as the inconsistency with which researchers define and measure humor, the distinction between humor appreciation and production, and differences in humor related to developmental stages need to be resolved before actual interrelationships can be understood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Reports errors in the original article by T. Czeschlik and D. H. Rost ( Roeper Review, 1994[Jun], Vol 16[4], 294–297). A corrected version of Table I is provided, a revised version of the paragraph on page 295 is given, a correction of a sentence in the paragraph on page 295 describing the administered intelligence tests is given, and a new footnote is given for footnote number 4. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in PA, Vol 82:1316.) Explores possible interactions of giftedness and gender. 50 gifted Ss (aged 10 yrs) were matched with 50 Ss of average intelligence on the variables of gender and SES. Three data sources (children, parents, and teachers) on the Ss' personality and socioemotional behavior were used. Gender and giftedness interactions did not appear. The only interactions were in favor of gifted children as more social and adaptable, particularly in favor of gifted girls, who were rated highest in social behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)