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Although attempts to describe HPCs exist, the large heterogeneity of this population makes it almost impossible to develop a list of characteristics that would be scientifically proven to be common to all high-potential children. In France, the identification of gifted children is often carried out in a context of school difficulties, including the adequacy between the observed results and the potential of the child. It is therefore important to evaluate the potential by measuring the cognitive abilities considered necessary for academic success. The identification of these children then needs the calculation of a score obtained in an intellectual efficiency test. Yet the definition of the intelligence, therefore the contents and the methods to measure it, varied according to the times and the authors. This article reviews the diversity of theories of intelligence and the tools attached to them. It also insists on the evolution of their contents and their structure according to the development of scientific knowledge. The Wechsler scales are a very good example. In France, if the threshold of an IQ greater than or equal to 130 is the subject of a consensus for the identification of intellectual gifted children, the large inter and intra differences observed in the individual scores profiles leads to ask about the information that would come from a single score such as IQ. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract) Resumen en idioma originalBien que des tentatives de description des EHP existent, la grande hétérogénéité de cette population rend presque impossible l’élaboration d’une liste de caractéristiques dont ilseraitscientifiquement démontré qu’ellessont communes à tousles enfants à haut potentiel. En France, l’identification des enfants à haut potentiel (EHP) est souvent réalisée dans un contexte de problématiques scolaires, notamment celle de l’adéquation entre les résultats observés et le potentiel de l’enfant. Il est donc important d’évaluer ce dernier en mesurant les processus cognitifs considérés comme nécessaires à la réussite scolaire. Le repérage de ces enfants passe dès lors par le calcul d’un score obtenu à un test d’efficience intellectuelle. Pourtant la définition de l’intelligence, donc des contenus et des méthodes pour la mesurer, a varié selon les époques et les auteurs. Cet article revient sur la diversité des théories de l’intelligence et des outils qui leur sont attachés. Il insiste également sur l’évolution de leurs contenus et de leur structure en fonction du développement des connaissances scientifiques. Les échelles de Wechsler en sont un très bon exemple. En France, si le seuil d’un QI supérieur ou égal à environ 130 fait l’objet d’un consensus pour l’identification des EHP intellectuels, l’importante variabilité inter et intra individuelle observée dans les profils de scores amène à s’interroger sur l’information qu’apporterait un score unique tel que le QI. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

In response to concerns about the credibility of many published research findings, open science reforms such as preregistration, data sharing, and alternative forms of publication are being increasingly adopted across scientific communities. Although journals on giftedness and advanced academic research have already implemented several of these practices, they remain unfamiliar to some researchers. In this informal conversation, Kendal Smith and Matthew Makel discuss how they came to know and use open science practices, the values of open science, benefits and objections, and their future aspirations for open science practices in gifted education research. Their conversation aims to help make open science practices more understandable and actionable for both early career and established researchers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

This study aimed to compare two types of measures (reasoning test and parent’s nomination) used in the assessment of intellectual giftedness. Accordingly, the Reasoning Test Battery (BPR-5) and the parents version of the Overexcitability Scales, more specifically the Intellectual Overexcitability scale (SEI) were applied with elementary school students ( n = 67) and their parents or guardians ( n = 67), respectively. When comparing the two measures, it was observed that students who performed better in the BPR-5 also tended to receive higher means in the SEI. Significant positive correlations, which ranged from weak to moderate, were obtained between the SEI, the general reasoning ability, and some types of reasoning (verbal, abstract, and numeric). The comparison and positive associations between the two instruments indicate that both investigate related constructs. However, the measures should be considered as complementary rather than substitutive. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract) Resumen en idioma originalEste estudo teve como objetivo comparar dois tipos de medidas (Teste de Raciocínio e Nomeação por Pais) utilizadas na avaliação de dotação intelectual. Para tanto, aplicaram-se a Bateria de Provas de Raciocínio (BPR-5) e a versão para pais das Escalas de Sobre-Excitabilidade, mais especificamente a escala de Sobre-Excitabilidade Intelectual (SEI), em alunos do ensino fundamental ( n = 67) e em seus pais ou responsáveis ( n = 67), respectivamente. Ao comparar as duas medidas, observou-se que os estudantes que apresentaram melhor desempenho no escore geral da BPR-5 também tenderam a apresentar médias mais altas na SEI. Foram obtidas correlações positivas, significativas, que variaram de fracas a moderadas, entre a SEI, a capacidade cognitiva geral e alguns tipos de raciocínio (verbal, abstrato e numérico). A comparação e as associações positivas entre os dois instrumentos permitem sugerir que ambos investigam construtos correlatos. Entretanto, as medidas devem ser consideradas como complementares e não substitutivas. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract) Resumen en idioma originalEste estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar dos tipos de medidas (prueba de raciocinio y nombramiento por padres) utilizadas en la evaluación de dotación intelectual. Razón por la cual, se aplicaron la Batería de Pruebas de Razonamiento (BPR-5) y la versión para padres de las Escalas de Sobreexcitabilidad, más específicamente se aplicó la Escala de Sobreexcitabilidad Intelectual (SEI) en alumnos de la enseñanza básica ( n = 67) y en sus padres o responsables ( n = 67). Al comparar las dos medidas, se observó que los estudiantes que presentan mejor desempeño en la BPR-5, también tienden en presentar medias más altas en la SEI. Se obtuvo correlaciones positivas, significativas y débiles entre la SEI y la capacidad general de razonamiento. La SEI también se correlacionó positiva y significativamente con algunos tipos de razonamiento (Verbal, Abstracto y Numérico). La comparación y las asociaciones positivas entre los dos instrumentos permiten sugerir que ambos investigan constructos relacionados. Con todo, las medidas deben ser consideradas como complementarias y no substitutivas. Palabras clave: sobreexcitabilidad; superdotación; evaluación psicológica. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Interest in the place accorded to gifted adults in our society and the socio-occupational integration difficulties they have to deal with has grown over the last few years. Despite their intelligence, gifted people have certain vulnerabilities and do not always enjoy working conditions that would allow them to develop to their full potential. However, public policies, be they European or national, are paying more attention to their place in socio-productive organizations. Given the importance of promoting diversity and quality of work life, a collective investment in this issue would undoubtedly be beneficial to society and allow it to better integrate the myriad resources of human intelligence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract) Resumen en idioma originalSujet émergent depuis quelques années, la question des adultes doués et de la place qui leur est faite au sein de notre société met en évidence les difficultés d’intégration socio-professionnelle auxquelles ces derniers sont exposés. Bénéficiant d’une intelligence à laquelle sont cependant corrélées certaines vulnérabilités, les personnes douées ne bénéficient pas toujours de conditions favorables au développement de leur plein potentiel. Pourtant, les politiques publiques, qu’elles soient européennes ou nationales, tendraient à ce qu’une attention particulière leur soit accordée au sein des organisations socio-productives – prise en charge par la collectivité qui, à n’en pas douter et au regard des enjeux que recouvre la promotion de la diversité et de la qualité de vie au travail, ne peut que leur être profitable tant elle leur permettrait d’intégrer toutes les ressources de l’intelligence humaine. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

The present study expanded our current understanding of leadership among academically gifted seventh-grade students by examining peer-identified leaders of naturally occurring social groups in a mixed ability setting. Three consecutive cohorts of seventh-grade students ( N = 474; 57% female; 43% European American) attending a public magnet secondary school participated. Results indicated that gifted students were more apt to be identified as leaders than nongifted youth and both conventional and unconventional styles of leadership related similarly to higher social standing and influence in the peer network. Nongifted leaders displayed a mixed profile of prosocial and more risky deviant behavior, whereas gifted leaders displayed a primarily prosocial leadership style. However, gifted leaders perceived themselves to be more influential and intimidating than other students and also endorsed sensation seeking tendencies more than other students. Findings underscore the heterogeneity of leadership during young adolescence and the distinct profile of gifted leaders compared with other leaders and gifted peers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Although there is much research on adolescent poverty, research related to youth living in communities characterized by extreme poverty who are also identified as academically gifted is lacking. This study explores the development of hopelessness in these youths, compared with peers not identified as gifted, using data from the Mobile Youth and Poverty Study. Specifically, trajectories of hopelessness as a function of gifted status and gender are explored. Results indicate that boys experience greater feelings of hopelessness than girls, regardless of their gifted status, and students identified as gifted have lower levels of hopelessness than their peers not identified as gifted. These latter differences are particularly pronounced during early adolescence (age 10 years) but decline over time and largely disappear by later adolescence (age 18 years). Results suggest that boys may be particularly vulnerable to declining effects of gifted classification as a protector against hopelessness across age and that disadvantaged students who are identified as gifted may benefit from gifted programs that continue at an intense level through their high school years. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Gifted children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often referred to as twice-exceptional, the term that highlights the co-occurrence of exceptional challenges and exceptional giftedness. This study performed secondary data analysis on samples of twice-exceptional children from the Pre-Elementary Education Longitudinal Study and the Special Education Elementary Longitudinal Study datasets. The results provide a descriptive profile of twice-exceptional (e.g. demographics, average academic performance, and services utilized), trajectory plots that indicate how academic performance changes over time, and multilevel analyses that model growth in academic outcomes using demographics, school services, and giftedness as predictors. Some of the key findings are that twice-exceptional students show not only higher initial levels of academic performance, but they improve over time relative to the non-gifted ASD counterparts and—with the exception of Letter Word Matching—even relative to the general population. Moreover, they benefit from mental health services disproportionately. Together, the results offer a deeper understanding of the twice-exceptional autistic population, their academic performance over time, and the services that they utilize. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

In this article, we report on a scoping review of empirical literature addressing the relationship between teachers' inclusion-related knowledge, skills, and attitudes and student outcomes. Using six common electronic databases for education (ProQuest, JSTOR, SAGE Journals Online, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES), we searched for peerreviewed, English-language publications between 1 January 2008 and 1 January 2018 (a 10-year period). A total of 25 articles met the search criteria for this scoping review and were consequently subject to a more detailed examination. This more detailed examination focused upon five student variables (intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, autism spectrum disorder [ASD], other mental health disorders, and giftedness) and five possible student outcomes (social well-being, functional or life skills, academic achievement, post-secondary transitions, and exceptionality-related outcomes). These 25 articles include eight systematic or scoping reviews, two that report on experimental studies, nine that report on quasi-experimental studies, and six that report on correlationaldescriptive research studies. A summary account of these 25 articles is offered, as is a list of related implications, for both practice and inquiry. Some of the most significant implications are related to the limited body of evidence related to a number of variables; these include teachers' attitudes and resultant student outcomes, giftedness, and post-secondary transitions. Additionally, these implications also offer cautionary considerations related to teachers delivering mental health-related programs and utilizing technology-related interventions for students with ASD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Anadolu-Sak Intelligence Scale (ASIS) is the first intelligence scale developed and normed in Turkey. In this study, the concurrent validity of the ASIS was investigated. A total of 98 gifted and 232 average students were administered the ASIS. Gifted students’ mean IQ (135) on the ASIS was found to be above the traditional cutoff (130 IQ). ASIS general intelligence index was the best predictor of giftedness, followed by the Fluid Reasoning Index, the Crystalized Knowledge Index and the Memory Capacity Index. Correlations between the ASIS indexes and academic achievement in math, science, language and social studies for average students were high, ranging from .50 to .83. The General Intelligence Index had the highest correlations with academic achievement in all the subjects with a mean correlation of .81 at the fourth grade and .75 at the fifth grade. Results provided strong support for the validity of the ASIS in relation to academic achievement and giftedness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Peer status is an important indicator and predictor of adjustment. While gifted children tend to enjoy favorable peer status, their social functioning during adolescence is less clear. The current study seeks to enhance this understanding by examining both preference- and reputation-based peer status of gifted adolescents. Peer nominations were used to assess the peer status, aggression, victimization, and prosocial leadership of 327 public school seventh graders (44% male; 42% White). School records provided giftedness information, course grade, and standardized test scores, and substance use was self-reported. Gifted students were viewed as less aggressive and more prosocial and had higher academic achievement than nonidentified students. Giftedness moderated the peer status–adjustment relationship. Rejection related to higher victimization and test scores, but these associations were most exaggerated for gifted students. Popularity positively related to aggression and substance use; however, the associations were greatly attenuated for gifted students. Findings underscore the heterogeneity of gifted adolescents’ social experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Are people with superior intelligence also superior in interpreting the emotions of others? Some studies find that an underlying g-factor links all mental processes leading to an expectation of a positive answer to the question, while other studies find that there is a cost to giftedness. No previous study have tested social cognition among highly gifted, or the Mensa society specifically. The study measures emotion recognition in 63 members of the Norwegian Mensa and 101 community controls. The Mensa group had a higher total score on the EmoBio test and was specifically better at differentiating the anger emotion, otherwise hypothesized to be mediated by subcortical processes. There was no difference in heterogeneity between the groups, contrary to the expectation of an autistic subgroup in Mensa. The study indicate that the positive manifold extends also to social cognition, and runs counter to the concept of a cost to giftedness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

What is “productive giftedness” and why does it matter in talent development? Using the Productive Giftedness Model, the current study examines key environmental and psychosocial factors that influence productive outcomes (e.g., achievements, accomplishments, leadership, eminence). Defined as mastery and excellence, the “productive giftedness” of ten notable artists, athletes, innovators, scientists, and writers was systematically studied. Findings highlight both commonalities and differences across three developmental stages identified in this study: early exposure and support, talent cultivation, and continuous cultivation. The article focuses on home and school learning environments, key relationships, motivation, and time factors. In particular, parents (or caregivers), teachers, and mentors played a key role in their talent development. The model also highlights the role of alterable and contextual factors, which enhance or hinder access to opportunities, support, and resources. The overall findings confirm the greater importance of supportive conditions rather than innate talent alone. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

A relatively pervasive “silence” exists concerning giftedness in Australian preservice early childhood teacher courses. There is also a lack of research about educator attitudes to giftedness and programming in Australian early childhood services. This study, consisting of a survey and interviews, is intended to help to fill the research gap. A total of 184 early childhood educators were surveyed in relation to their knowledge and attitudes about giftedness, and 10 of those respondents were also interviewed. A purposive sample of eight parents whose gifted preschoolers had been recommended for early entry by a psychologist were also interviewed. Findings indicate that early childhood educators are at a loss in relation to gifted children’s intellectual, social, and emotional needs that are neither understood nor met according to their parents. Compulsory preservice coursework about giftedness is recommended. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

The article presents an overview of important knowledge regarding metacognition and its relation to exceptional giftedness. Basic aspects of metacognition are defined and briefly described in accordance with the historical development and current notions of this construct. The following text deals with how much gifted children differ from typical population in particular aspects of metacognition (declarative, procedural, etc.). Part of the article is dedicated to a concise delimitation of exceptional giftedness, mainly in view of the shift in expert opinions concerning the nature of this construct: from the classic Terman's conception, in which giftedness was defined solely as based on exceptional results in standardized IQ tests, to more modern approaches, which take into account also other cognitive achievements, and to a certain extent even non-intellectual factors such as motivation or creativity. The next part of the study therefore focuses on the significance of metacognition for giftedness viewed as “developing expertise”, which is the conception associated mainly with R. Sternberg. Finally, there is an outline of some implications for assessment and for psycho-educational practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract) Resumen en idioma originalČlánek přináší přehled významných poznatků týkajících se metakognice a jejího vztahu k mimořádnému nadání. Vymezeny a stručně popsány jsou základní aspekty metakognice, v souladu s historickým vývojem i s aktuálním pojetím tohoto konstruktu. Následně se text zabývá tím, nakolik se podle reprezentativních zahraničních empirických výzkumů v jednotlivých aspektech metakognice (deklarativních, procedurálních aj.) odlišují nadané děti od běžné populace. Část článku je věnována i stručnému vymeze ní mimořádného nadání, zejména s ohledem na posun v odborných názorech na povahu tohoto konstruktu: od klasického Termanova pojetí, v němž bylo nadání definováno výhradně na základě mimořádných výsledků dosažených ve standardizovaných inteligenčních testech, k modernějším přístupům, které zohledňují i jiné kognitivní výkony a do jisté míry i mimointelektové faktory, jakými jsou motivace či tvořivost. Další část studie je proto zaměřena na význam metakognice pro nadání chápané jako „rozvíjející se expertnost“, což je pojetí spojené zejména se jménem R. Sternberga. Na závěr jsou shrnuty některé implikace pro diagnostiku a pedagogicko- psychologickou praxi. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Dąbrowski’s theory of positive disintegration has been associated with the psychology of giftedness for four decades, and Sal Mendaglio has significantly contributed to the thoughtful understanding of the theory throughout those 40 years. In this interview, Mendaglio discusses the relationship between the theory of positive disintegration and the psychology of giftedness. Mendaglio addresses potential misunderstanding of the theory as well as the concept of overexcitabilities. He clarifies that Dąbrowski’s theory is not a theory of giftedness; however, the theory as well as Dąbrowski’s concept of intelligence contributed to Mendaglio’s understanding of the psychology of giftedness. Mendaglio cautions against the oversimplification of overexcitabilities and the tools with which the construct has been measured. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

The concept of giftedness has historically been shaped by theories of IQ, creativity, and expertise (including early conceptions of metacognition). These theories focus within the mind of the individual learner. Social, emotional, and motivational qualities of giftedness were treated as add-ons, not part of the core construct. This created misalignment with the social construction of knowledge—a position widely supported in gifted education practice. Newer, broader conceptions of metacognitive, self-regulated, and self-regulated learning processes have garnered interest. However, because these theories borrowed language from each other and earlier theories, assigning new meanings to old constructs, confusion arose about how to distinguish each of these three theories from each other or apply them to instruction. This article distinguishes among metacognition, self-regulation, and self-regulated learning, relating each to notions of giftedness, highlighting implications for practice, and especially highlighting self-regulated learning as a valuable contributor to understanding giftedness and designing instruction in gifted education. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

This study investigated middle school students’ beliefs about intelligence and differences in the development of intelligence across ages, beliefs about giftedness and the development of giftedness, and how beliefs about intelligence and giftedness were related. A total of 52 eighth graders from two regular classes ( n = 36) and one gifted class ( n = 16) at a public school in the U.S. Midwest completed a survey and a vignettes task. Results revealed that participants associated intelligence with school and non-school intelligence, knowledge and learning, smartness, and motivation. They associated academic giftedness with intelligence, motivation, school achievement, and high ability. Participants were more certain young children could grow intelligence. Most participants endorsed incremental views of intelligence and giftedness. This was more evident in students holding an incremental belief about intelligence, and in non-gifted students. Gifted participants and those holding an incremental belief about intelligence placed more value on motivation and learning. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

The article describes the historical stages of exploring the concept of “giftedness” which reflect principally different understandings of this term, but nowadays are considered as the alternatives. The 1st stage: during the Medieval Period, the term “giftedness” is introduced for the first time ever and it explains the ability of a man to create (the God has given the gift). The 2nd stage: during the Renaissance period, the emergence of the wage labour puts an issue of assessing the presence and the height of abilities. The dependence of the product on the giftedness as high/low abilities is postulated. The 3rd stage: in the philosophy of the Modern Period, in the framework of dialectics, the concept of the process is developed and the levels of cognition as the main, generic ability of a human are defined, therefore the giftedness as an issue is missing. The 4th stage: beginning from the middle of the 19th century, due to the split in the philosophical directions and the demands of the psychometric paradigm, giftedness is reduced to the height of intellect and, subsequently, to the height of any abilities. The 5th stage: the emergence of the theory of giftedness based on the advanced methodology introduced to psychology by Vygotsky. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Over the past century, strong applications of psychometrics have resulted in an ideology and practices of identification in the field of gifted education. In recent years, an alternative ideology that construes giftedness in an inclusive light and promotes democratic practices has emerged. This ideology posits a new meaning-making system of giftedness that is process-based rather than person-based. In this article, we elaborate some conceptual principles of this emerging ideology. First, we reflect on the nature of giftedness as a social construct using a symbolic interactionist perspective and articulate the dialectical evolution of collective meanings of giftedness. Second, we address the interdependency between an individual and a context when it comes to helping students realize their giftedness. Third, we accentuate a growth orientation and outline the importance of considering giftedness as a process-based entity. Furthermore, we provide a T:CAD conception of giftedness along with ideas for transaction-focused practices that aim to encourage the rendering of this emerging ideology in practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)