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Within disciplines, certain theoretical, ontological, and heuristic frameworks evolve toward axiomatic status over time. This evolution can limit disciplinary growth. Interdisciplinary theorizing can introduce trouble into such frameworks and add the tension necessary for the creation of new knowledge. This theoretical essay provides educators with new ways of thinking about teaching disadvantaged gifted youth. Differentiation, an educational philosophy, is reconceptualized as a form of critical pedagogy termed critical differentiation. The concept of the twice oppressed is presented. This concept suggests that it is possible for children to be oppressed based on social category as well as gifted classification. As in the case of the twice exceptional child who may struggle in classrooms with both dyslexia and giftedness, the twice oppressed child may struggle with both poverty and giftedness. Critical differentiation, or a merger of critical pedagogy and differentiation, may become a step toward resolving this conundrum. The concept of critical differentiation is explicated in this essay, along with sample lesson ideas and suggestions for framing research endeavors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Current cortico-centric models of cognition lack a cohesive neuroanatomic framework that sufficiently considers overlapping levels of function, from “pathological” through “normal” to “gifted” or exceptional ability. While most cognitive theories presume an evolutionary context, few actively consider the process of adaptation, including concepts of neurodevelopment. Further, the frequent co-occurrence of “gifted” and “pathological” function is difficult to explain from a cortico-centric point of view. This comprehensive review paper proposes a framework that includes the brain’s vertical organization and considers “giftedness” from an evolutionary and neurodevelopmental vantage point. We begin by discussing the current cortico-centric model of cognition and its relationship to intelligence. We then review an integrated, dual-tiered model of cognition that better explains the process of adaptation by simultaneously allowing for both stimulus-based processing and higher-order cognitive control. We consider the role of the basal ganglia within this model, particularly in relation to reward circuitry and instrumental learning. We review the important role of white matter tracts in relation to speed of adaptation and development of behavioral mastery. We examine the cerebellum’s critical role in behavioral refinement and in cognitive and behavioral automation, particularly in relation to expertise and giftedness. We conclude this integrated model of brain function by considering the savant syndrome, which we believe is best understood within the context of a dual-tiered model of cognition that allows for automaticity in adaptation as well as higher-order executive control. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Having a purpose is a form of intrapersonal giftedness. An even rarer giftedness is motivation to positively change society or culture. This exploratory chi-square and ANOVA study reports the prevalence, age distribution, stability over time, and characteristics of two change oriented aims in American adolescents. In a sample of 270, 12%, who tend to be older and more other-oriented, have tolerant aspirations to bridge across group differences, focusing on peace, justice, racial unity, or immigrant inclusion to relieve suffering. Sixteen per cent, who tend to be more self-oriented and spread across ages, have creative aspirations to introduce new ideas, primarily through arts and media. Both aims are difficult to maintain over time without connections to structure engagement with the aim. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Reports an error in "Gifted students’ perceptions of an accelerated summer program and social support" by Seon-Young Lee, Paula Olszewski-Kubilius, Matthew C. Makel and Martha Putallaz ( Gifted Child Quarterly, 2015[Oct], Vol 59[4], 265-282). The original article should have included the following acknowledgment: The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Corinne Alfeld and Becky Prince Kennedy to this study, particularly for their assistance with developing the survey and data collection. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2015-43792-005). Using survey responses from students who participated in the summer programs at two university-based gifted education institutions, this study examined changes in gifted students’ perceptions of their learning environments, accelerated summer programs and regular schools, and social support in lives after participation in the summer programs. Our sample of gifted students was generally favorable about their classroom experiences and interactions with their teachers both in the gifted programs and regular school classes. Some noticeable differences were greater acceptance and support for giftedness, a stronger connection to peers, and greater ease in peer relationships reported during the programs, and enhanced maturity and orientation toward future after the programs. While all students relied on family and peers as sources of social support before, during and after the summer programs, older students also endorsed being able to rely more on themselves. Perceptions of greater social support seemed to be related to more positive assessment of students’ summer and school classes, although causality can go in either direction. Overall, this study suggests that gifted students’ summer program experiences may be instrumental in receiving affirmation about their giftedness from peers, enhancing independence and maturity for academic life, and building stronger belief in themselves. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

This editorial focuses on the articles in this issue of High Ability Studies. This issue will present four more articles on motivational and emotional aspects, and their meaning for learning and achievement behavior as well as for learners of various giftedness and achievement levels. The authors again employ a large variety of methods and offer many new insights for giftedness research and gifted education. Obergrießer and Stoeger analyze relationships between achievement emotions (enjoyment, anxiety, anger, and boredom), learning preferences, and the use of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies in a sample of 200 students from 20 primary schools in Germany who were about to start high-achiever track secondary school in the following school year. In their study, Vladut, Vialle, and Ziegler propose two general motivational strategies for gifted educators: a learning resource-oriented homeostatic orientation and a learning resource-oriented allostatic orientation. McCoach, Newton, Siegle, Baslant, and Picho consider questions of measurement methodology in the area of motivation and learning. The contribution of Fugate and Gentry sets itself apart from the other eight articles in this two-part special issue with regard to both its sample and method. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

The extraordinary giftedness is apparently a unique manifestation of a mutual interconnection between genes and environment. One of the possible etiological factors of intellectual giftedness is testosterone which is believed to affect the brain organization and function. The aim of our study was to analyze associations between 2D:4D digit ratio (a proxy of prenatal testosterone) and/or salivary testosterone levels with non-verbal IQ in intellectually gifted girls. Fifty-one girls with an age range of 10 to18 years and IQ scores higher than 130 were tested. Saliva samples were collected to obtain levels of salivary testosterone. 2D:4D digit ratio was measured on both hands as an indicator of prenatal testosterone. IQ parameters were assessed employing standardized set of tests. The CAG repeat polymorphism in exon 1 of the androgen receptor gene was analyzed to assess the sensitivity of androgen receptor. Testing of between-subjects effects proved significant interactions between right and left 2D:4D ratio, genetic variability in androgen receptor, and also salivary testosterone level with non-verbal IQ in gifted girls. Our results point out that the variability in parameters of androgenicity contributes to the variability of nonverbal IQ in gifted girls. However, the exact molecular mechanism of how testosterone acts on the brain and affects this cognitive domain remains still unclear. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Research has demonstrated mixed results regarding differences in social and emotional characteristics between gifted and typical populations. The purpose of this secondary analysis of data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study: Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) is to investigate the affective characteristics of early mathematics and literacy ability among preschool children using a logistic regression analysis. Specifically, parents and childcare providers were asked a series of questions relating to socially maladaptive behaviors, concentration, empathy, worry, and friendship of a nationally representative sample of children born in 2002. The results of the study demonstrate that childcare providers and parents of preschool children ( M age = 53 months) have different patterns of observations of social and emotional characteristics of children, and that concentration and socially maladaptive behaviors were significant predictors of early giftedness in literacy. There were no social or emotional predictors of early giftedness in mathematics found in this study. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 60(1) of Gifted Child Quarterly (see record 2016-01130-006). The original article should have included the following acknowledgment: The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Corinne Alfeld and Becky Prince Kennedy to this study, particularly for their assistance with developing the survey and data collection.] Using survey responses from students who participated in the summer programs at two university-based gifted education institutions, this study examined changes in gifted students’ perceptions of their learning environments, accelerated summer programs and regular schools, and social support in lives after participation in the summer programs. Our sample of gifted students was generally favorable about their classroom experiences and interactions with their teachers both in the gifted programs and regular school classes. Some noticeable differences were greater acceptance and support for giftedness, a stronger connection to peers, and greater ease in peer relationships reported during the programs, and enhanced maturity and orientation toward future after the programs. While all students relied on family and peers as sources of social support before, during and after the summer programs, older students also endorsed being able to rely more on themselves. Perceptions of greater social support seemed to be related to more positive assessment of students’ summer and school classes, although causality can go in either direction. Overall, this study suggests that gifted students’ summer program experiences may be instrumental in receiving affirmation about their giftedness from peers, enhancing independence and maturity for academic life, and building stronger belief in themselves. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

What happens when a gifted child grows up? Despite a slew of provocative book titles regarding gifted adults in the mainstream media, and the inclusion of the notion of giftedness among adults in the definition of giftedness proposed by Subotnik, Olszewski-Kubilius, and Worrell, there is a limited amount of research that has examined the gifted adult. In this systematic review of the literature, we categorized the available research literature into nine thematic areas: (a) whether or not gifted children become gifted adults; (b) family of origin; (c) effects of early educational experiences; (d) characteristics of gifted adults; (e) career; (f) family of procreation; (g) career and family interaction; (h) life goals, satisfaction, and well-being; and (i) counseling. Implications for gifted adults and the field of gifted education are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

This study investigated risk and protective factors associated with dyslexia and literacy development, both at (he group and individual level, to gain more insight in underlying cognitive profiles and possibilities for compensation in high-IQ children. A sample of 73 Dutch primary school children included a dyslexic group, a gifted-dyslexic group, and a borderline-dyslexic group (i.e., gifted children with relative literacy problems). Children were assessed on literacy, phonology, language, and working memory. Competing hypotheses were formulated, comparing the core-deficit view to the twice-exceptionality view on compensation with giftedness-related strengths. The results showed no indication of compensation of dyslexia-related deficits by giftedness-related strengths in gifted children with dyslexia. The higher literacy levels of borderline children compared to gifted children with dyslexia seemed the result of both fewer combinations of risk factors and less severe phonological deficits in this group. There was no evidence for compensation by specific strengths more relevant to literacy development in the borderline group. Accordingly, the findings largely supported the core-deficit view, whereas no evidence for the twice-exceptionality view was found. Besides practical implications, the findings also add to knowledge about the different manifestations of dyslexia and associated underlying cognitive factors at the higher end of the intelligence spectrum. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

The authors present a historical perspective on giftedness, highlighting the impact of key research studies on practice, research, and policy. A comprehensive model is presented emphasizing that giftedness is domain specific and developmental and involves the cultivation of psychosocial as well as cognitive skills. Implications for counselors are discussed, specifically which psychosocial issues and skills should be the focus of counseling at each stage of talent development and what counselors can do to support the development of gifted students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Person-environment interactions are the main focus in Actiotope Model of Giftedness. This is a very new approach for Turkey, which generally uses old versions of intelligence test for identification. In Actiotope Model of Giftedness instead of cognitive identification the focus is on the resources (educational and learning capital) that provide the excellence. The Questionnaire of Educational and Learning Capital (QELC) developed based on this model. The aim of this study is to present the Turkish validity study of the questionnaire and to provide a new tool that has satisfactory psychometric properties. Six language experts made the translation and back translation from German to Turkish and vise versa. After that, three German and Turkish language specialists asked to rate the translation validity. The results indicated that the Turkish scale closely approximated with the original. In the next step, 39 bilingual German Language Teacher Candidates (10 male, 29 female; 17 born in Turkey and 22 in Germany; mean age = 24.90 years, SD = 3.73) selected as working group for the language equivalency. First the QELC German version and 3 weeks later the QELC Turkish version were applied to this group respectively. Paired samples t-test results showed that no significant differences were between the responses to German and Turkish versions except on items 7, 9, 16, 23 and 48. The results of the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient analysis which was obtained to define item-total and item-reminder found statistically positive correlations between all items. Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the factor structure of the Turkish version is the same with the German version. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Intellectual giftedness is associated with strong strategic verbal memory while attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with strategic verbal memory deficits; however, no previous research has explored how this contradiction manifests in gifted populations with diagnoses of ADHD. The purpose of this study was to explore strategic verbal memory processes among intellectually gifted youth with and without ADHD to provide clarification regarding this specific aspect of neuropsychological functioning within this population. One hundred twenty-five youth completed neuropsychological evaluations including the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition and California Verbal Learning Test-Children’s Version (CVLT-C). Results revealed significant differences between groups, with intellectually gifted youth with ADHD achieving lower T scores on CVLT-C Trials 1 through 5 compared with intellectually gifted youth without ADHD, and intellectually gifted youth with ADHD achieving higher T scores than youth of average intellectual abilities with ADHD. Additionally, repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a main effect improvement among gifted youth with ADHD in short-delay recall when provided with organizational cues. Findings revealed new evidence about the role of twice exceptionality (specifically intellectual giftedness and ADHD) in strategic verbal memory and have important implications for parents, educators, psychologists and neuropsychologists, and other mental health professionals working with this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

According to the Actiotope Model of Giftedness, person-environment interactions are the core of excellence. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the resources that support the achievement of goals and to provide more efficient resources. These resources are named educational (localized in the environment) and learning (localized in the individual) capitals. The Questionnaire of Educational and Learning Capital (QELC) was developed based on the Actiotope Model of Giftedness and these capitals. The aim of this study is to present gender and age differences in relation to educational and learning capitals, in a Turkish sample of 1,620 students at three different grade levels: fourth graders (231 girls, 239 boys; mean age = 10.15, SD = 0.40), seventh graders (353 girls, 376 boys; mean age = 13.08, SD = 0.34), and 10th graders (274 girls, 147 boys; mean age = 16.20, SD = 0.54). Results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed the expected two-factor structure (educational and learning capitals) of the original German version of QELC. The Cronbach's alpha result for the Turkish version of the QELC was .97. The findings suggest that gender differences are more important in the seventh grade (first year of adolescence) in favor of girls in economic, cultural, social, organismic, and telic capitals. Results about age differences showed that the younger the students are, the more their achievement is positively affected by the capitals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

By surveying a representative sample of Finnish parents, this study set out to compare two social representations of intelligence current in our educational discourse: the established one, ‘the idea of natural giftedness’, and an emerging one, ‘the idea of the multifariousness of abilities and support for social equality.’ It was found that the parents’ social positions and their views on the malleability of intelligence contributed to their endorsement of the two representations. The idea of natural giftedness was endorsed particularly by academically educated fathers and those viewing intelligence as a genetically determined capability, while the idea of the multifariousness of abilities and support for social equality was endorsed by mothers and those with the view that intelligence can be developed through practice. It was suggested that these two polemical representations appear to embody opposite views in regard to the deeprooted controversy between nature and nurture and reproduce the basic cultural separation between the abilities of ‘head’ and ‘hand’. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Recent handbooks of giftedness or expertise propose a plethora of conceptions on the development of excellent performance but, to our knowledge, there are no comparative studies that provide empirical evidence of their validity to guide researchers and practitioners in their adoption of a particular conception. This study sought to close that gap by conducting an empirical comparison of the major approaches to giftedness and expertise currently in use: the IQ model, the performance model, the moderator model, and the systemic model. The four models were tested in a longitudinal study with a sample of N = 350 German students attending university preparatory schools; 25% of the sample had been assigned to special classes for the gifted. The construct and predictive validity of the four models were tested by means of structural equation modeling. Theoretical considerations along with our results indicated a differentiation among the models whereby some could only predict while others could also explain the emergence of excellent performance and thereby yield valuable information for the design of interventions. The empirical comparison of the approaches showed that they were unequally suited for the two challenges. For prediction purposes, the performance approach proved best while, for explanations, the moderator and systemic approaches were the most promising candidates. Even so, the latter did demonstrate conceptual and/or methodological problems. The IQ approach was superseded by the other approaches on both prediction and explanation. Implications and limitations of the findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

This article discusses the phenomenon of giftedness in an educational context. Although a general understanding of the phenomenon of giftedness is evident in the literature, missing is a body of information on the thoughts and actions of gifted persons in those situations that one suspects influence the emergence of extraordinary accomplishment. In this article, the author proposes a change in direction for the study of the advanced development. Grounded in the theoretically based research of Feldman and Vygotsky, the author argues that one focuses on the ordinary parts of life that contribute to extraordinary achievements. Extraordinary accomplishment is something that fascinates most people. Extraordinary accomplishment is a recurrent theme in human history. The extraordinary achievements that mark human activity serve as signs of the ability of humans to invent new ways of being in the world. The field of gifted-person education is concerned with understanding and promoting the emergence of such innovative actions and thoughts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

The terms gifted or gifted and talented are bestowed students who display a variety of characteristics, including high performance capabilities in an intellectual, creative or artistic area. Although certain characteristics can be generalized some gifted students may not possess the same characteristics as other gifted individuals and they may not appear to have the same observable differences. Depending on how their giftedness has been dealt with previously, they even may appear quite "ungifted". Many gifted students resist routine and exhibit nonconformist behavior. Others may withdraw, and passively be doing a minimum of what is required. These students may have developed an undesirable behavior due to lack of challenges in school being more or less arrested in their intellectual development. Therefore, it is important to identify these students as early as possible in order to secure a positive schooling experience. Based on theoretical work on giftedness and clinical experience (Clark, 2008; Silverman, 1984) a 56-item unipolar scale was developed. This scale was administrated to 149 gifted and talented students plus 253 parents and 122 teachers of gifted and talented students. On this unipolar scale the three groups of informants was asked to mark 0 (not true), 1, (somewhat or sometimes true) or 2 (very true or often true). Based on this information three checklists were developed each with the 25 items that received the highest ranking. One for students, one for parents, and one for teachers. Hereby the checklists can contribute to a fast identification of gifted and talented students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

There appears to be differing approaches, in modern education, to the identification and development of gifted students, but researchers are beginning to find some cohesiveness through approaches that examine giftedness from within broad views of human cognition and behavior. This paper takes such an approach by considering learning and memory as concerned with the processing of environmental information and its accumulation across society, where such cultural accumulation results from environmental interaction. This paper outlines a framework, developed from studies of learning and memory and environmental interaction, which is based in a novel description of information and information processing systems. This framework may be useful in providing a new way of thinking about human cognition and behavior in an evolutionary context as well as in relation to the overall accumulation of culture across human society. This framework may be useful, therefore, in examining giftedness by providing useful insights into the identification and development of gifted students, in particular, those with the high levels of expertise considered valuable as human cultural accumulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

This paper presents part of a multidimensional examination of mathematical giftedness. The present study examined the memory mechanisms associated with general giftedness (G) and excellence in mathematics (E) in four groups of 10th–12th grade students (16–18 years old) varying in levels of G and E. The participants first underwent the Raven test for general ability evaluation and SAT-M—the mathematical excellence tests in order to design the study groups. Afterwards, the students were tested on a battery of three memory tests including tests for short-term (STM) and working memory (WM). The results reveal that the G factor is related to high STM for both phonological loop and phonological central executive mechanisms. It was also found that the E factor is associated with high visual–spatial memory (VSM), in particular with the visual central executive mechanism. An interaction effect was found between G and E factors regarding WM. The central executive mechanism appeared to be related to both G and E factors. In addition, gender differences were shown within the groups. Male participants performed better than their female counterparts on a phonological storage task and a phonological central executive mechanism task. The results can contribute to the theoretical knowledge regarding similarities and differences in memory mechanisms in G and E groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)