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The constructs of risk and resilience and their implication in the life of individuals who are gifted, learning disabled, and gifted/learning disabled will be explored in this paper. The intent is to understand further how the constructs of risk and resilience affect individuals who are gifted/learning disabled. The paper includes a discussion of risk and resilience, followed by a discussion of learning disabilities, giftedness, and learning disabilities combined with giftedness. Each of these sections addresses the risk factors that hinder normal development and make the individual more vulnerable and the protective factors that serve to buffer the individual's response to adversity. Interventions that may foster resilience in the individual who is gifted/learning disabled are proposed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

One of the principle reasons responsible for the fact that nurturing the gifted and talented in Germany has (once again) advanced to a pedagogic concern in the 1990's lies in the dichotomy of equality and excellence. Are these two pedagogic goals actually incompatible, as often maintained in open discussions? After a long period of oscillation between these two poles, in the age of information a new emphasis has increasingly been placed on excellence. "It becomes more and more important for bright students to be using their abilities to stimulate this new era with economic and political productivity. But this will not happen if the current 'laissez faire' approach to gifted students continues into the next decade" (Gallagher, 2000, p. 691). Following a short definition of giftedness and related conceptions, arguments for gifted education stemming from the areas of learning psychology and instructional psychology will be discussed. The central problems concerning identification and programming will then be addressed in greater detail. Hypotheses will be developed, on the basis of the ATI model that gifted students need creative, stimulating learning environments. Various approaches will be presented here and discussed in the context of TIMSS and PISA. The second part of the article will deal with guidance and counseling issues with respect to the special needs of gifted children and adolescents and their social contact persons (peers, parents, teachers). In conclusion, German program evaluation, studies in the fields of gifted education, counseling and nurturing giftedness and talent will be presented. The outcomes of these studies and their consequences for improvements for the quality of gifted and talented education and counseling in Germany will be discussed. Excellence is one of the most important educational-psychological challenges of the new century. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Robert Albert examined key conceptual shifts in the pertinent professional literature language over the first part of the 20th century in his 1969 American Psychologist article, "Genius: Present-Day Status of the Concept and Its Implications for the Study of Creativity and Giftedness." His findings indicated profound changes in pertinent terminology in the professional knowledge base after 1945 from an emphasis on concepts such as genius, eminence, fame, and distinction to giftedness, talent, and creativity. The goal of the current project was to investigate empirically changes in conceptions of exceptional ability and performance, as reflected in the professional literature published since 1969. Over 28,000 articles were culled from three data bases: Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC), PsycINFO and Exceptional Children Educational Resources (ECER). Conceptual themes and types of research were analyzed for a sample of the articles, drawn from the midpoint year of each decade. Significant results include: an increase in the number of articles relating to creativity; a rise in the number of practice-oriented articles; and a small but steady increase in the number of articles employing qualitative research methods. Articles were also analyzed for evidence of a "paradigm shift" also discussed in the literature; however, the paradigm shift was not significantly reflected in practice. Implications are addressed relative to the conceptual trends in the literature and qualities of the knowledge base. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

An introduction is given to the papers included in the present issue of High Ability Studies, which continues the tradition of presenting target articles which have been reviewed and commented on by eminent colleagues. In this issue Françoys Gagné (see record 2004-22507-002) submits his DMGT Model to discussion. To supplement the peer commentaries, additional questions are posed to which Professor Gagné presents his opinions. In his article 'Intelligence current in creative activities' Jiannong Shi (see record 2004-22507-011) undertakes a remarkable attempt to establish a theoretical bridge between the concepts of intelligence and creativity. In their highly interesting contribution 'Shona culture of Zimbabwe's view of giftedness' Constantine Ngara and Marion Porath (see record 2004-22507-012) make the case for fusing together the cultural and scientific views of giftedness in the school curriculum in order to develop a diversity of talents in students. Additional contributions include 'A review of primary and secondary influences on sport expertise' by Joe Baker and Sean Horton (see record 2004-22507-013), 'Cross-cultural predictors of mathematical talent and academic productivity' by Petri Nokelainen, Kirsi Tirri and James Reed (see record 2004-22507-014)and 'Explaining high abilities of Nobel laureates' by Larisa V. Shavinina (see record 2004-22507-015). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Teacher nomination is an important procedure in identifying highly gifted students for enrichment programs. In this study, teachers at college-prep high schools (German Gymnasium) nominated students for summer schools of the German Pupils Academy. The qualities of teacher decisions were examined by comparing them with the results of a cognitive ability test and with student self-nominations. Teachers identified all students as being highly gifted according to psychometric test criteria. In contrast to the perfect effectiveness of teacher nominations, the efficiency was quite low. Teacher nominations as well as self-nominations of students resulted in high proportions of candidates who did not meet psychometric criteria for high giftedness. The willingness of students to enrol at the Pupils Academy was largely determined by motivational variables like self-efficacy. The effectiveness of all student decisions concerning giftedness were considerably beyond those of teachers. In nominating students, teachers should try to obtain more information about students' self-perceptions of own abilities and motivations concerning gifted programs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Reviews three books: "Reaching New Horizons: Gifted and Talented Education for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students," (2001) edited by Jaime Castellano and Eva Díaz; "Gifted Bilingual Students: A Paradox?," (2001) by Esther Kogan; "Expanding Definitions of Giftedness: The Case of Young Interpreters from Immigrant Communities," (see record 2003-04866-000) by Guadalupe Valdés. The first volume begins with two chapters by Diaz which discuss a historical and a contemporary context for the education of culturally and linguistically diverse students with gifted potential. The next two chapters provide a framework for conceptualisation of cognitive development and creativityin bilingual children. The rest of the chapters in the volume deal with identification and nurturing of gifted bilinguals. Kogan's monograph is similar in its focus yet it does not offer the same depth and comprehensiveness of treatment. The book begins with a brief sketch of the sociohistoric background for bilingual education in the US and then proceeds to describe the current context, with the focus on the Hispanic population. Valdés' volume is somewhat different in focus from the previous two. The book reports the findings from a five-year study of giftedness among linguistically and culturally diverse populations, with the focus on young interpreters from immigrant communities (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

The implicit theories teachers hold about the gifted influence their perception of and behavior toward highly able students, thus impacting the latter's educational opportunities. Two persistent stereotypes about the gifted can be distinguished: the harmony hypothesis (gifted students are superior in almost all domains) and the disharmony hypothesis (giftedness implies maladaptive social behavior and emotional problems). The present study investigated whether teachers' implicit personality theories about the gifted are in line with the harmony or the disharmony hypothesis. Using an experimental vignette approach, we examined 321 prospective and practicing teachers' implicit personality theories (based on the big five personality framework) about students described along three dimensions (ability level, gender, and age, resulting in 8 different vignettes), controlling for teachers' age, gender, experience with gifted students, and knowledge about giftedness. Ability level had the strongest effect on teachers' ratings (partial η² = .60). Students described as gifted were perceived as more open to new experiences, more introverted, less emotionally stable, and less agreeable (all ps < .001). No differences were found for conscientiousness. Gender and its interaction with ability level had a small effect (partial η²s = .04 and .03). Thus, teachers' implicit personality theories about the gifted were in line with the disharmony hypothesis. Possible consequences for gifted identification and education are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Researchers of the gifted have traditionally advanced the theory, though they are often without data to support it, that an association between intellectual and/or creative giftedness and mood disorders exists. This assumed association is often referred to as the mad genius theory. This article explores the origins and development of the theory and describes the difficulties that arise when evaluating it due to problems associated with defining and measuring the relevant terms. Finally, the article examines the current scientific knowledge concerning the association between mood disorders and intellectual and/or creative giftedness. Broadly speaking, the data support the association as it relates to the construct of creativity and mood disorders and as it relates to the relationship between high IQ and bipolar disorder but not high IQ and depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

This editorial briefs the articles which were featured in this issue of Educational and Child Psychology. This special issue on giftedness highlights research on a range of aspects and considers some of the challenges that face gifted children, their parents and their teachers. In particular, the papers consider ways in which educational and other systems endeavor to foster positive development, in gifted children both academically and more broadly across all spheres of human functioning. Many educational psychologists will recall occasions when children presenting with problems of one kind or another have been found to have high IQ scores which were unanticipated by those who work with them on a daily basis. Some of the articles in this issue have suggested, in order to help children maximize their potential, a broader understanding of giftedness, together with appropriate measures to aid identification of gifted persons, are needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Introduction: The current models in the study of giftedness such as the Triadic Interdependence define it as a favorable outcome of the interaction between intrinsic (intellectual capacity, creativity and motivation) and extrinsic (family, peers, and school) factors. Based on this, the purpose of this study was to identify and establish a profile of gifted adolescents that includes both intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics, as well as to analyze the relationships and the differences between these characteristics within the resulting group of the profile. Method: Participants were 666 students from a public school, age ranged between 12 to 18 years, and the mean of age was 14.77. Various statistical analyzes were performed such as Pearson’s correlation, Student’s t-test and ANOVA test to compare the possible similarities and differences between intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of students identified as gifted. Results: 93 out of 666 students were found to meet the criteria established in the literature to be considered as gifted. The collected data allowed us to establish both a general profile of the group and a more specific profile based on feature grouping. In both cases it was possible to determine every group’s homogeneity and heterogeneity with regard to the presence of intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics, as well as the relationships between them. Discussion: The findings highlight that although gifted adolescents are a heterogeneous population, which shares some intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics, they differ in others depending on giftedness degree, and this should be taken into account when designing educational programs that meet both their internal and environmental needs so they can develop successfully in higher education levels. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

A 15-year phenomenological case study of an exceptional female from age 15 through 30 was focused on exploring the subjective experience of development during adolescence and young adulthood, with attention to how giftedness and context interacted. The main focus became her response to trauma, which was revealed early in the study. Data, including recollected childhood experiences, were gathered through letters, e-mail, face-to-face interaction, and journals and essays from her troubled adolescence. The central phenomenon that emerged is given particular attention: that giftedness was both an asset and a vulnerability throughout these years, certainly as she struggled in the aftermath of trauma and developed strategies for surviving and healing. The struggles of the subject included dealing with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The concepts of overexcitability and positive disintegration are used to frame some findings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Comments on an article by Albert Zieglera & Shane N. Phillipson (see record 2012-16824-002). As Ziegler and Phillipson discussed in their article, various paradigms, models and theories have been described in the extensive literature on giftedness. According to Ziegler and Phillipson, there is a pressing need for new models of giftedness—they call for a paradigm shift. In the introduction to the current article and, as a justification for presenting the actiotope model, Ziegler and Phillipson are critical of the gaps and “deficiencies” in the current research literature and practice of gifted education. There is a crisis in gifted education research—it is stuck in a contested, competitive landscape that is littered with fragmented research, rivalries and questions about the quality of published research studies. Ziegler and Phillipson could focus on the steps and processes, and identify specific evidence, support their paradigm through substantiation, formulate and reformulate the paradigm in order to advance gifted education so that the research literature matures and deep knowledge can influence practices. While evolving conceptualizations of the actiotope model have appeared in publications for awhile, Ziegler, Phillipson and others should proceed to confirm assumptions and gather evidence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Comments on an article by Albert Zieglera & Shane N. Phillipson (see record 2012-16824-002). The field of giftedness and gifted education is about 100-years (plus/minus) old. This new systems approach clearly brings many interesting topics to the discussion,some new and some old, but now organized in a complex structure. Thus, the concept of an actiotope, a component of the system that is potentiated with exceptionality,is a system itself. This “system-within-a-system” includes the action repertoire,goals, the environment, and subjective action space – all complex systemic structures on their own, which are introduced and described in detail by Ziegler and Phillipson. This “system-within-a-system” to the nth degree approach is well thought through and provides much food for thought. Yet, while reading the text, I had athought about what might be missing in this elegant and complex structure crafted by Ziegler and Phillipson. The remainder of this commentary will explicate that thought of mine. In short, it seems to me that Ziegler and Phillipson’s systemic view does not cancel out the ideas and findings of “traditional views” of giftedness, but takes the field, capitalizing on its previous accomplishments, in a new direction, fruitfully perpetuating the field’s development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Comments on an article by Albert Zieglera & Shane N. Phillipson (see record 2012-16824-002). In their article, Zieglera & Phillipson present an interesting approach to gifted education. The actiotope model explains giftedness in light of systems theory where constant interchange occurs between the gifted person,his/her actions, and the environment in which he or she evolves. The approach is refreshing and sheds light on the complex and dynamic process of giftedness as opposed to linear approaches that consider either the individual alone or the environment by itself, but rarely the interaction of both. Without doubt, the approach is significant, but not entirely new, as the authors claim. The paradigm change that they are proposing does include some novelty, but this change is hardly“monumental” as stipulated by the authors. At first, the authors discuss at great length and expand a great effort to establish that a century long of gifted education was ineffective. They stipulate that all paradigms currently and previously used in gifted education, such as acceleration,enrichment, pull-out programs, and other similar approaches have led to no significant advances in the education of gifted learners. A sequel article in which the authors explain more clearly how the actiotope model constitutes a "monumental" change in the current paradigms of gifted education and how it translates into real life is warranted and would add value to the monumental effort the authors have put into constructing this model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Comments on an article by Albert Zieglera & Shane N. Phillipson (see record 2012-16824-002). The Actiotope Model of Giftedness and the systemic theory of gifted education (Ziegler and Phillipson) shed light on the difficulties faced by gifted education in practice all over the world. The Actiotope Model emphasizes the importance of actions of gifted individuals and the interactions between individuals and their environment. If the excellence, exceptionality, or creativity of an individual can be understood as a result of one’s action repertoire in a given environment, then the evaluation of a gifted education program should focus on not only the outcome or achievement of the individual but also the whole system, especially the actions of the individual, the interactions between the individual and his or her action space, and the support from his or her environment. In summary, the Actiotope Model of Giftedness and the systemic theory of gifted education remind people of focus on constructing a proper system for gifted individuals. It is also very important for people to realize that learning procedures and interactions of gifted individuals with their family, school, peers, and society are just as important as their final achievements when people try to evaluate a special program for gifted children or students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

In this target article, we argue that current approaches to gifted education are based on the erroneous view that to understand the development of exceptionality we need to understand firstly the components of giftedness, including cognitive such as intelligence and non-cognitive factors such as motivation. In contrast, systemic approaches to understanding exceptionality focuses on the interactions of these components where it is important to firstly understand the system that leads to exceptionality before it is possible to understand its components. After analyzing the weaknesses of current approaches to gifted education we then present three central arguments for the need for a paradigm shift. This is followed by an introduction of constructs of a systemic approach of gifted education. Using the Actiotope Model of Giftedness to understand the development of exceptionality, this article describes the basic principles of a gifted education that is based on this systemic approach. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Introduction: This study explores the level of assertiveness in various samples of students from Primary and Secondary Education. With the data obtained, on the one hand, we analyzed the relation between assertiveness and academic performance and, on the other, we verified whether students who are excluded from the norm, either because of their intellectual giftedness or because they display disruptive behavior in the classroom, obtain different scores in assertiveness. The study analyzes the relation between the excess or deficit of assertive skills and academic performance and, in turn, seeks to verify whether more rebellious students, from an academic viewpoint, or students who are intellectually gifted score differentially from the rest of the students of their level of assertion. Method: A sample of Primary and Secondary Education students from Spanish public centers, whose academic performance was normally distributed, was used. Students from Primary Education, selected for their high intellectual giftedness and good academic performance, who participated in a cognitive-affective development program, and a group of students from Secondary Education, integrated in Compensatory Education units, who were highly conflictive and who achieved very poor academic results, were analyzed. Self-rated assertiveness questionnaires were administered for comparison with the mean school grades and the number of subjects flunked. Results: A statistically significant negative correlation was obtained between the variables assertiveness and academic performance in the diverse samples analyzed. The data support the hypotheses proposed in the study. Significant negative correlations were obtained between performance in Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, Mathematics, Technology and the variable assertiveness; the correlation was lower when Language was also taken into account, and nonexistent when correlated with English. Discussion: From this study, it is concluded that, although an assertive deficit can act like a variable that predisposes towards academic failure, as it hinders students' interactions with teachers and classmates, a deficient assertive or passive dependent pattern can also generate behaviors that lead to very satisfactory academic results. However, the excess of this social skill or students’ erroneous selfperception can originate a form of academic failure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Most theories of giftedness include creativity as a central component. Creativity assessment has a key role, therefore, in measuring giftedness. This article reviews the state of the creativity assessment, from divergent thinking tests (including the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking) to the consensual assessment technique to rating scales and self assessments. Despite the many flaws present in every type of creativity measurement, there are compelling reasons for including creativity as part of a gifted assessment battery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Increased awareness of twice-exceptional students is important for all educators and psychologists; however, for school psychologists, improved understanding of twice-exceptionality will enhance their unique role in assessing twice-exceptional students and in recommending appropriate interventions in schools. In this article, the authors address giftedness and disability as separate topics and then connect them as they relate to twice-exceptionality. The authors explore twice-exceptionality in 3 separate case studies, with a specific focus on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and specific learning disability. The article includes a discussion of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act 2004, specifically as it relates to specific learning disability and giftedness. The authors conclude with 10 recommended practices that include the importance of a comprehensive evaluation to understand a student’s strengths and weaknesses as well as the critical nature of differential diagnosis as a foundation for making recommendations for intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

The social and cognitive phenomena associated with theory of mind (ToM) and research on the social and cognitive qualities of giftedness have not been sufficiently connected. The common focus areas for ToM researchers (e.g., false-belief understanding, deception, and autism) should be of interest to gifted education research because these are interesting conceptualizations that could be helpful in better understanding gifted children’s social interactions and friendships, and provide some guidance in classroom grouping. Except in a few studies, for example of perspective taking, ToM research has not studied identified gifted children. Perhaps this is because giftedness is usually formally assessed after the developmental periods at which it is typically studied. Including gifted children (academically, creatively, or otherwise) might help broaden the understanding of ToM variables and ensure that the key tasks do not have ceiling effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)