Su búsqueda

Advanced Placement (AP) is a College Board program that offers a college-level curriculum to high school students. AP has expanded dramatically in recent years, and with noted program benefits accruing to successful participants, the issue of equity has become a concern. When identified early, students who have potential to be successful in AP courses could obtain the preparation necessary to excel academically in courses that have an impact on college admissions and outcomes. The purpose of this correlational study was to determine if a relationship exists between 6th grade CogAT composite, verbal, and quantitative battery scores and 12th grade AP English Literature and 12th grade AP Calculus exam pass-fail scores. The setting for the study was a rural northeast Georgia school district. Utilizing archived data, a special kind of Pearson correlation, a point biserial correlation, and a logistics regression analysis were conducted. All null hypotheses were rejected indicating that a statistically significant positive relationship exists between 6th grade CogAT composite, verbal, and quantitative battery scores and 12th grade AP English Literature and 12th grade AP Calculus exam scores. Moreover, the relationship is a predictive one. Based on study results, more informed curriculum decisions could be made for students beginning in the middle school years. Recommendations for further study include consideration of additional variables that might influence AP exam success such as gender, socioeconomic factors, giftedness, and motivation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Few studies directly examine the relationship between giftedness and peer victimization. Despite the limited available data, there is an abundance of prescriptive advice addressing the unique challenges for gifted students. Such advice derives from research on the psychosocial characteristics of gifted youth (at best) or outdated misperceptions of gifted youth as inherently vulnerable (at worst). The purpose of this dissertation was to elucidate the giftedness-victimization link by utilizing measurement and sampling that improve upon research to date. The first goal was to assess victimization frequency of gifted youth and make comparisons to similar non-gifted peers. The second goal was to examine whether victimization was more strongly tied to self-worth, anxiety, and depression for gifted youth compared to their non-gifted peers. At the outset of the study, it was hypothesized that no discernible differences would emerge between gifted and non-gifted students. Data for this dissertation were collected as part of the UCLA Middle School Diversity Project, a multisite longitudinal study of California middle school students from diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds ( N = 6,058). The analytical sample in the current study consisted of 2,888 students in Grade 6, 50% of whom had been identified for gifted and talented education (GATE) programs. The other 50% consisted of non-GATE students matched on potential covariates using propensity score analysis. Data were collected using surveys in which students reported their experiences with victimization, their self-perceptions, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Contrary to the stated hypotheses, the results indicated that gifted students were victimized significantly less than non-gifted peers for almost every form of victimization. The exception was physical victimization, and several potential interpretations are offered. Analyses examining the impact of victimization were mixed. Victimization was more strongly linked to depressive symptoms for gifted students (b = .049), but significant differences did not emerge on measures of self-worth or anxiety. Although the need for future research is clear, these findings represent a meaningful expansion of knowledge in this area and help to refute simplistic characterizations of gifted youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

This study examined the exchangeability of IQs from three brief intelligence tests. Tests were administered to 36 children with intellectual giftedness, scored by one set of primary examiners and later scored by a secondary examiner. For each student, 6 IQs were calculated and submitted to a Generalizability theory analysis. Despite strong convergent validity and reliability evidence supporting brief IQs, the resulting dependability coefficient was only .80, which indicates relatively low exchangeability across tests and examiners. Although error variance components representing the effects of the examiner, examiner-by-examinee interaction, the examiner-by-test interaction, and the test contributed little to IQ variability, the component representing the test-by-examinee interaction contributed about one-third of the variance in IQs. These findings hold implications for selecting and interpreting brief intelligence tests and general testing for intellectual giftedness. Keywords: intellectual giftedness, IQ, Generalizability theory, dependability coefficients (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

This dissertation study explores the experiences of incarcerated youth, specifically the relationships between dis/ability (Baglieri& Knopf, 2004), giftedness, and incarceration in the lives of these young people. The extant literature rarely addresses these relationships through the voices of young people who have experienced incarceration first-hand; furthermore, the research pathologizes incarcerated youth and removes the challenges they encounter from their systemically oppressive contexts. This research places the unique experiences of the participants in the larger conversations of deficit-thinking, racism, ecological systems and theories of critical praxis---specifically, through the lenses of Dis/ability Studies in Education and Critical Race Theory. As a qualitative research study, this dissertation includes the stories and experiences of three formerly-incarcerated individuals who were held in adult correctional facilities as adolescents, as well as a non-profit leader who is deeply involved in prison abolition and movements that work to improve the lives of inmates. The focus on qualitative methodology and methods works to broaden conversations on juvenile justice and include perspectives on competence, youth's strengths, and resistance to deficit-oriented research. This dissertation argues that we must challenge deficit-oriented models to develop the best pedagogical practices for exceptional students and useful methods for disrupting oppressive systems within educational spaces. Through the centering of participant voices, this study provides implications for understanding dis/ability and the giftedness of young people in exceptional learning environments, the need for close attention to the final stages of the school-to-prison pipeline, and the development of new theories of understanding. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

The key to success or failure of opportunities for gifted students is affected by what a school district provides, how it views giftedness, and how it supports academic flexibility and individualized or differentiated learning. Gifted programs are selected by administrative decision makers based upon their knowledge and understanding of the foundational theories in the field of gifted education. The implementation of policies and provisions for gifted education vary from state to state and often district to district. A commonality often reported is of the negative attitudes towards giftedness and gifted education by staff, faculty, and administrators. Many of the policy decisions in gifted education by administrators, although guided by theory, are influenced by personal experiences, myths, and stereotypes. A review of literature reveals a chronicled legacy of myths and misconceptions providing conflicting concepts of giftedness, gifted education, and educational programs. The effect of these perceptions may directly skew an administrator's ability to make unbiased informed decisions in relationship to this diverse population of gifted learners. The purpose of this study was to investigate Minnesota public school superintendents' attitudes toward gifted students and gifted education, and what factors affect these attitudes. This study utilized the McCoach and Siegle's revised edition of Gagne and Nadeau's survey, Opinions About the Gifted and Their Education. The survey is divided into three subcategories for analysis: support, elitism, and acceleration. Also included are sections on self-perception as gifted and demographic information. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. This exploratory study sampled 119 of 336 Minnesota superintendents in regards to gifted education. Results show mild to moderate support for funding, with women superintendents perceiving themselves as gifted more than male superintendents and showing greater support for gifted education. Among the predictor variables, superintendents who had education or training in gifted education were more supportive toward giftedness and gifted education, less negative about gifted education as being elitist, and more positive toward acceleration of gifted students. With gifted programming relying on the discretion of local administrators and implementation of programs falling on the school faculty, it is important that these stakeholders have a working knowledge of gifted student development and gifted education. Therefore, further research might explore these attitudes in teacher education and administrator training programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

This quasi-experiment using a pretest-posttest with control group design investigated the effects of providing immediate feedback using an electronic student response system (SRS) to 53 math students enrolled in an accelerated precalculus course during the fall semester of 2014. The students in the experiment group (n = 25) went through a continuous, rigorous, and consistent intervention of receiving immediate feedback for their responses during regular classroom activities and formative assessments using SRS, while the students in the control group (n = 28) were not provided immediate feedback using student response system. The results of the pretest indicated that both groups had statistically significant similar entry-level math skills. The analysis of other covariates in this study, namely giftedness, gender, and economic status of the participating students, were also found to be significantly homogenous. Following an 18-week intervention, after the data were found to meet all the assumptions, an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted that revealed a statistically significant difference in the math achievement of students who received immediate feedback using SRS with a medium effect size (n2 ...11). Even though the results proved acceptable, various limitations might have incurred in this study. Therefore, recommendations included further research on the effects of providing immediate feedback with varied samples, longer intervention period, and improved technological devices to provide guidelines for informed decision making regarding the use of SRS as an immediate feedback tool. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Organizational fit is defined as the congruence of values between people and organizations. This study examines the relationship between self-concept and organizational fit in gifted adults and the moderating effects of social support and work tenure. Utilizing a mixed methods research design, 322 gifted adults were surveyed to determine the impact of self-concept on organizational fit. Participants were provided with a survey instrument to examine self-concept, organizational fit, social support, and work tenure. A large subset of the participant base responded to two qualitative questions in which they provided additional context about the role that giftedness has played in their work experiences and what improvements their organizations can make to improve their current work experience. The research intent was to determine the relationship between self-concept and organizational fit to advance the study of giftedness across the life span and inform organizations about the needs of the gifted adult demographic in the workforce. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

The concept of giftedness has evolved significantly from its early conceptualization as a single score on an intelligence test to modern conceptualizations that reflect multiple, distinct areas in which giftedness may be demonstrated. Although Dr. Marland's landmark 1972 report proposed additional areas in which an individual may be characterized as gifted, currently there is no consensus on a uniform definition of giftedness. Many educators and psychologists have proffered their interpretation of giftedness, but school psychologists, the educational professionals who often conduct evaluations to determine eligibility for gifted services, historically have had little input into this debate. This study utilized three vignettes to examine how school psychologists perceived giftedness. The first vignette reflected an individual with an IQ score of 130 and a strong academic profile while the second vignette reflected an individual whose IQ score was slightly lower than 130 and also had a strong academic profile. The final vignette described an individual with strong artistic skills but did not meet the traditional benchmark of an IQ score of 130 or higher. Participants also answered a variety of demographic questions about themselves and their place of employment. Data analyses suggested that school psychologists overwhelmingly associate giftedness with an IQ score near or above 130. Conversely, only 33% of participants identified the individual with strong artistic skills as gifted. Participants from Ohio, a state with a well-defined and inclusive definition of giftedness, were more likely to identify the artistic individual as gifted, suggesting that state definitions of giftedness influence school psychologists' perceptions of giftedness. Although the results of this study are tempered by both the low return rate on the survey and the small size of the sample, they suggest that school psychologists support a more traditional conceptualization of giftedness. Additional research is recommended to confirm the results of this study and to further explore specific characteristics that school psychologists believe reflect giftedness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Twice-exceptionality is the phenomenon of a student with one or more disabilities who is also gifted and talented. Identification of twice-exceptionality is difficult and only recently has there been a greater awareness of the needs of twice-exceptional students. There is empirical research about twice-exceptionality but little research exists on how twice-exceptional individuals perceive and attribute meaning to their lived experiences. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the experiences of one university student identified as gifted and learning disabled to understand how personal experiences influenced his identity development, his perspectives on teaching and education, and, ultimately, his career choice. Five themes emerged from the data analysis: (a) psychosocial challenges, (b) delayed identification, (c) masking effect and school achievement, (d) the importance of support, and (e) motivation for career choice. Individuals with twice-exceptionality often face unique psychosocial challenges including social isolation, low self-esteem, and feelings of worthlessness. Identification and support are often delayed for these individuals as their disability can mask their giftedness and vice versa; each condition affects their school achievement. These challenges affected the study participant; his personal and academic experiences illustrated the impact identification and support had on his education as well as his future goal of becoming a teacher. A key motivating factor for his career choice was to address the needs of future students with twice exceptionality. Findings of this study suggested an interrelationship among the five themes and stressed the critical importance of identifying and supporting students who have unique learning needs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

The purpose of this study was to detect Turkish pre-service elementary school teachers' perceptions of giftedness and factors affecting their referral decisions through eleven profiles (scenarios) originally created by five experts in the field of gifted education and semi-structured interview questions created for this study. The original profiles were translated from English to Turkish and adapted to be more relevant to Turkish culture. These profiles were named as Student Profiles Survey in this study. The profiles were varied based on characteristics embedded in each profile and I was able to create eight versions (pile) of the Student Profiles Survey. Profiles in each version (pile) of Student Profiles Survey differed from each other based on the characteristics embedded in each profile. Participants of the study were Turkish pre-service elementary school teachers who were attending two colleges of Education at Gaziantep University, namely Gaziantep College of Education and Nizip College of Education. A total of 204 Turkish pre-service elementary school teachers participated in the study and filled out the different versions of Student Profiles Survey. Approximately 25 pre-service teachers filled out each version of Student Profiles Survey. In addition, 16 of the pre-service teachers were asked for a follow-up interview. The convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used to shed light on the research questions. The findings from quantitative and qualitative analyses were combined to support each other and to better investigate Turkish pre-service elementary school teachers' perceptions of giftedness and factors affecting their referral decisions. The results of this study indicated that Profile 11 was the most appropriate and Profile 4 was the least appropriate profile for Turkish pre-service elementary school teachers' perceptions of giftedness. Turkish pre-service elementary school teachers explained their reasons for including the students in the profiles to gifted education programs mostly based on the personal, academic, and social characteristics of the students embedded in the profiles but they did not often referred students' characteristics when they were explaining their reasons for exclusion. Rather than explaining their reasons based on characteristics of the students, Turkish pre-service teachers increased their expectations and created excuses to underestimate the potentials of the students in the profiles when they were asked to explain their reasons for exclusion. The results of factorial ANOVAs indicated that Turkish pre-service elementary school teachers' referral decisions were influenced by the following factors: Students' and pre-service teachers' gender, students' ability areas, personality traits of the students, words describing the student, and students' length of passion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Gifted students in transition to college may be at risk for underachievement, difficult transition, or even attrition. Giftedness by itself is not always sufficient for academic success in college. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to construct a theory regarding the process of transition to college for high-achieving gifted high school students. The study was conducted with 12 traditional-aged, gifted college freshmen enrolled in high-ACT and honors sections of an extended orientation course at a small, private, Midwestern university. Data were collected through journal entries, intensive individual interviews, and focus groups conducted throughout students' first semester. The data were analyzed through a process of initial line-by-line coding, focused coding, and axial coding. A paradigm model was developed from students' descriptions of their experiences in transition. The results of the study indicate that students' academic experiences in high school directly affect the development of their academic self-concept, as well as the nature of their transition and the academic and social coping behaviors they develop. Students reported lack of challenge in high school, which for many resulted in delayed development of the requisite academic skills for successful transition to college academics. In addition, students described feeling fearful and confused as they encountered academic challenge. Furthermore, the students explained the stigma of being an honors student, as well as the unrealistic expectations they often experienced from their family and peers. Contrary to the persistent myth that gifted students will be fine on their own, this study illustrates the challenges students who experienced academic achievement in high school with little to no academic effort face when confronted with the challenge of college coursework. The constructed theory could be used for future research regarding how gifted students experience transition, effective educational environments for gifted high school students, and the effectiveness of various types of programming on their transition to college. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

This critical race case study sought to examine the influence of an early talent development program on teacher perceptions of giftedness among culturally and linguistically diverse students in Anne Arundel County Public Schools, MD. The central research question investigated was how the Maryland State Department of Education Primary Talent Program (2009) influenced teacher perceptions of giftedness in culturally and linguistically diverse students. Data was analyzed using categorical aggregation to establish themes and patterns among the participants' responses. Findings revealed the challenges participants experienced with assimilating the program goals of the early talent development program and identifying the characteristics of giftedness among culturally and linguistically diverse students. The findings lead to four conclusions: teacher expectations of students were transformed as a result of observing for student potential; teachers perceived talent as latent versus developing; ongoing and differentiated professional development was vital for teacher assimilation of the Maryland State Department of Education Primary Talent Program (2009) goals; and implicit bias was found to be a contributing factor to deficit thinking which lowered teacher expectations of culturally and linguistically diverse students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

For decades, education has struggled with the underrepresentation of sociologically diverse students in gifted education. Despite continued development of promising new strategies to enhance programming and alleviate the underrepresentation of sociologically diverse students, only limited progress has been made toward relieving these concerns. A review of the literature on underrepresentation in gifted education reveals information necessary to better understand giftedness, to understand the underlying issues with recruitment and retention in sociologically diverse gifted programs, and to understand the role of the administrator in gifted education. Past research affirms the role of the administrator in the management of special education programs and mentions the barriers to the maintenance of sociologically diverse gifted and talented programs but research examining the perceptions and experiences of administrators is limited. Literature continues to offer recruitment and retention strategies to alleviate limited retention and recruitment of sociologically diverse students in programs for the gifted; however, it continues to overlook the key role of the administrator in the implementation of the solutions and the many barriers they face. In order to fill the gaps in the research, this qualitative research study was conducted using a phenomenology approach with transcendental methodology utilizing one-on one interviews. The study focused on an exploration of administrator perceptions of the barriers associated with implementing and maintaining sociologically diverse gifted programs, and the discovery of why so many promising solutions to underrepresentation are available but sociologically diverse students continue to be poorly served in gifted education. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

The first of the following manuscripts addresses the experiences of a group of gifted middle school students as they engaged in community action projects that provided them opportunity to become activists in their school, neighborhood, and larger community. This study pays special attention to participants' self-concepts as measured by the Harter Self-Perception Profile for Children (2012) and through participant interviews. The study finds evidence of students' co-cognitive components of giftedness when themes of courage, sensitivity to human concerns, and sense of destiny are applied. Main themes from Harter's scale are also applied, and participant interviews reveal evidence of academic and social competence. While the data do not support statistically significant change in students' self-concepts, specific domains of self-concept see larger increases than others, and participant interviews reveal the students' perceptions of the particular ways they grew through the process of becoming activists. The second manuscript examines qualitative data collected as students engaged in their community action projects but places special focus on the experiences of the female participants and the ways that their self-concepts were influenced by their experiences. This study develops four main themes through an inductive approach to data analysis: academic experiences, affective self, self-concept, and barriers to self-concept growth. A feminist lens was applied during data analysis. The unique female perspective of this study's participants is particularly important to this study. Participants shared their perceptions of their gendered experiences in schools and explored their experiences operating as community activists. The final manuscript features three female participants from the greater study. The participants were selected for further study because of their insightful reflections, demonstrated growth, and interest in continuing their activist work in the future. Interview data reveal that the participants viewed their successes as activists as informative to their development and as powerful learning experiences. However, they described having to overcome much disappointment in adults, the institutions within which they were operating, and society in general. The first main theme, disappointment, seems to be addressed by additional main themes: personal growth, determination, passion, and motivation. Connections can also be made to co-cognitive components of giftedness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

The purpose of this study was to conduct quantitative non-experimental research to examine the perceived cognitive and motivational characteristics in math problem solving of high school students across gender in China. Participants of the study have been identified as academically gifted, creatively talented, and non-gifted in mathematics. Specifically, the study examined main and interaction effects of the type of giftedness and gender in students' perceived ability, effort expenditure, value, and self-efficacy in math problem solving situations. In addition, the study investigated predictive relationship between students' cognitive and motivational characteristics and math creativity, and the effects of family processes on math creativity. Descriptive statistics, multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA), univariate analyses of variance (ANOVA), and Multiple Regressions Analyses were conducted to answer the research questions. The group and gender main effects were statistically significant in the multivariate analyses. Male students reported higher math ability scores than female students in the creatively talented group. The ANOVA indicated that group-gender interaction effect was found only in the math effort. Tests of simple effects for gender on math effort indicated female students put more math effort than male students in creatively talented group. Tests of simple effects for the group indicated that male students in academically gifted group had a higher mean effort score compared to male students in creatively talented group. Furthermore, the results of two-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences in students' math creativity among the three groups and across gender. Non-gifted students demonstrated lower scores on the math creative problem solving ability performance than the other two groups. Male students had a higher score than female students in math creativity. Finally, the multiple regression analysis for the math cognitive and motivational characteristics indicated the statistically significant contribution of students' math ability to students' math creativity, while the results of multiple regression analysis of family processes indicated that only parental support contributed to student's math creativity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

This dissertation research was grounded in a sizable body of research on identification of students who are gifted, who have specific learning disabilities (SLDs), and who are both gifted and have SLDs, which is referred to as twice exceptional. Four groups of students were compared: those who are gifted with SLDs, those who are gifted without SLDs, those who are average with SLDs, and those who are average without SLDs. Study 1 compared groups two at a time on their learning profiles (achievement on normed measures of reading, writing, and oral language) and their phenotype profiles (normed measures of working memory components supporting learning). Study 2Examined whether each of these groups responded differently to computerized instruction for reading and writing, which is referred to as response to intervention (RTI). Prior research showing that twice exceptional students may score higher on learning profiles but not on phenotype files when compared to average students with SLDs was replicated. A new finding was that gifted students without SLDs achieve at level commensurate with their verbal giftedness but twice exceptional achieve at average level on learning profiles. Comparison of learning and phenotyping profiles was more informative than the RTI approach for group data. The conclusion is that flexible approaches are needed to identify SLDs, both in those who are and are not gifted. These approaches should consider normed measures of reading and writing achievement and phenotype measures of the biological bases of SLDs. Additionally, teacher and parent reported current and past learning histories and response to classroom instruction should also be considered in planning, implementing, and monitoring instructional programs for all students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Throughout the history of English Language Arts education, educators have relied on literature as a tool for the cultivation of knowledge: cultural knowledge, moral and critical knowledge, and knowledge of skills and strategies. The English Language Arts curriculum's increasingly technocratic agenda (Brandt, 2015; Brass, 2014) has resulted not only in the marginalization of literature, but also in the increased instrumentalization of literature---the increased "tooling" of literature toward rational ends. Rather than focusing on literature's "ends," and asking what kinds of knowledge literature might help to facilitate, this project focuses on and takes as its starting point the relationships that comprise the literature curriculum, namely the relationships between readers and texts. By applying a Rancierian lens of equality to literature's more traditional curricular frameworks, I make visible how and when these frameworks perpetuate inequality between readers and texts. Then, using Rancierian equality, along with my own and others' lived experience of reading literature, I imagine a kind of event not accounted for in literature's more rational-instrumental frames: literary communion. I conceive of literary communion as more sacramental than rational-instrumental, evoking a sense of spiritual transcendence, transubstantiation, and giftedness. In my quest to unpack these sacramental dimensions of literary communion, I elaborate their implications for longstanding pedagogical and curricular traditions of close reading, reader response, and emancipation. I conclude by acknowledging that openness to literary communion in the English Language Arts curriculum is, in many ways, a departure from certainty and control. In keeping with the sacramental connotations of communion as well as the spirit of "as if" undergirding Rancierian equality, literary communion might reframe the teaching of literature as a matter of faith. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Teacher nominations are the most commonly used method for identifying students for full consideration to gifted education programs in the United States yet teachers receive little to no pre- or in-service training in the practice. Without changes to this reality, teachers' nominations are less reliable than other data sources because they are based on incomplete knowledge or misunderstandings of the characteristics of giftedness. In addition, when teachers have a great deal of autonomy in making nominations to gifted programs, their beliefs and biases can determine whether students have the opportunity to participate in such programs, regardless of the students' qualifications. This contributes to the persistent underrepresentation of students from culturally and linguistically diverse groups in gifted programs. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the decision-making processes used by teachers when nominating students for one district's gifted education program. Survey, observation, and interview data were collected from 20 fifth and sixth grade teachers in a suburban intermediate school in New Jersey. The following research questions guided my study: (1) how do teachers make decisions about which students to nominate for gifted education programs? (1A) how do teachers define giftedness? (1B) how do teachers come to their understanding of giftedness? (2) How might the teacher nomination process affect access to the gifted education program? Three main findings emerged from the analysis of the data: (1) definitions of giftedness varied among teachers; (2) personal and professional experiences drove the decision-making process; and (3) decisions lacked unity because some teachers were left out of the process altogether and others felt disconnected from its purpose. The implications of these findings are considered on the local and national levels with appropriate recommendations and suggestions for practice and policy. Administrators and teachers should seek opportunities for professional development specific to the local district's nomination expectations. Additionally, districts should consider alternative pathways into the gifted identification process including parent nominations and general screening of all students. Finally, there is a need for gifted education to gain status in federal education policy discussions and grant opportunities so that local districts have support for their efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Providing equitable education for all students is the responsibility of administrators, teachers, and parents. Even though the MTSS/RtII Framework has evolved from the RtI and RtII models, the basis is the same: intervening and identifying students' needs and analyzing data and programming instruction to meet all students' needs. Even though in the early stages of RtI gifted students were not included, recent literature has proven that it is a must for gifted success. When incorporating the MTSS/RtII Framework with gifted students, this becomes a successful model for all. In order to establish an effective MTSS/RtII Framework with gifted students, administrators have to lead the implementation procedures. This study's purpose was to analyze elementary administrators' perceptions regarding the Pennsylvania's MTSS/RtII Framework with gifted elementary students. The intent was to learn more about MTSS/RtII and gifted students from administrators who have been developing the Pennsylvania's MTSS/RtII Framework with gifted elementary students. The MTSS/RtII Framework that was renamed in 2014 categorizes students based on their abilities from data analysis. Recent literature suggests expanding from the three-tiered approach to five tiers including the high achieving and gifted students. Participants included seven elementary administrators who are involved in the Pennsylvania's MTSS/RtII Framework with elementary gifted students. From the Pennsylvania Department of Education, demographic information was collected. Elementary administrator interviews were completed. The results demonstrate that implementing the Pennsylvania MTSS/RtII Framework requires administrator leadership. Three significant themes emerged: curriculum/instruction, data analysis/assessments, and collaboration/leadership. The research validated the significance of a systems thinking approach to increase effective gifted education with Renzulli's (1978 & 1977) Three-Ring Conception of Giftedness and Triad Enrichment Model. Important points were identified regarding the consistency between schools in the same school district, time, and the MTSS/RtII procedures. This study concluded that more research should be investigated with intervention frameworks/models like the MTSS/RtII Framework with gifted elementary students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

This study was completed in order to examine how academically gifted adolescents in gifted pull-out programs in rural Northeast Louisiana schools perceived their programs impacting their social and emotional needs and their self-concept. The major focus of the study was on the perceptions of students, parents and teachers in relation to the social and emotional wellbeing of the gifted participants. A qualitative approach was used to collect and analyze data. Over the course of two weeks, interviews were collected from 10 students, nine parents, 10 general education teachers, and three teachers of academically gifted students (n = 32). Students, parents, and teachers from two high schools (one in District 1 and one in District 2) provided answers to open-ended interview questions in order to answer the research questions. The data obtained through the interviews varied regarding the responses of the participants. The attitudes that the students had towards the gifted pull-out programs varied depending on the school that they attended. Students from District 1 responded positively to the interview questions whereas students from District 2 responded more negatively. The parents, for the most part, shared the attitudes and beliefs of their children. Parents whose children attended District 1 were pleased with their children's educational experiences in the gifted pull-out programs. On the other hand, parents whose children attended District 2 were not as pleased with their children's educational experiences in the gifted pull-out programs. The general education teachers were relatively supportive of the gifted pull-out programs and the student participants, although most of them had no background or formal training, such as college courses, to prepare them to differentiate lessons for gifted students. The teachers of academically gifted students seemed excited about their programs and were willing to learn more in order to help their students succeed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)