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Examines the relationship between metacognition and giftedness by (1) exploring alternative theoretical conceptions of giftedness and (2) reviewing experimental research and case studies of giftedness to search for empirical evidence. Theoretical perspectives and empirical investigations support the important role of metacognition in understanding and explaining giftedness. More well-designed research is needed to form a sound basis for developing instructional implications from this area. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Presents selected results of a 4-yr (Munich, Germany) longitudinal study of giftedness, and discusses the conceptual and theoretical problems of giftedness. Beginning with a large multiregional sample with 6 age cohorts of more than 26,000 students between 6–16 yrs, data were collected on highly gifted students (30% of original sample) during 3 periods between 1986 and 1988. The study was based on a multidimensional domain-specific concept of giftedness: intelligence, creativity, social competence, musical ability, and psychomotor ability (or practical intelligence). Areas studied included academic achievement and leisure activities, cognitive and motivational personality factors, and school and family socialization conditions. Developmental factors and achievement analyses of gifted and normal students aged 6–18 yrs were the central focus during the 2nd phase of the study. On the whole, results support the hypothesis of various types of giftedness, but definite characteristic clusters of the gifted were not found. Among other results discussed, sex difference results include the finding that girls' giftedness declined with increasing age. Consequences for the nurturing of giftedness are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Presents a reanalysis of E. A. Hany's (1987) data on teachers' ratings of 6,815 male and female West German 9th graders on 5 dimensions of giftedness: cognitive giftedness, creative giftedness, social competence, psychomotor giftedness, and musical giftedness. Results confirm that G. A. Lienert's configural frequency analysis (1973) can be used successfully in the identification and differentiation of gifted students. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Evaluated 184 15–17 yr old gifted adolescents' views of their own giftedness and their perceptions regarding how giftedness is viewed by others. Results indicate that their views of giftedness were not unidimensional. Ss were positive about their giftedness but did not believe that others were positive. Also, Ss viewed giftedness as positive with regard to their personal growth and academic performance but as negative in social relations with others. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Discusses childhood intellectual giftedness from a developmental perspective. Topics include (1) clarification of the concepts of intelligence, giftedness, and talent; (2) various theoretical models of giftedness; (3) cognitive, motivational, affective, and social characteristics of intellectually gifted children; (4) the synchronicity of cognitive-intellectual and social-emotional development in gifted children; and (5) the role of families and schools in promoting or inhibiting the development of giftedness in children. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Discusses central topics and issues in the diagnosis of giftedness, including: (1) the questionable distinction between intelligence and creativity in formulating definitions of giftedness, (2) the various functions of giftedness diagnosis, (3) methodological problems, and (4) research needs. Recommendations for the practice of giftedness assessment are provided. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Conducted structured interviews to determine perceptions of 60 gifted students (aged 12–18 yrs) concerning their own and others' attitudes toward giftedness and to examine Ss' awareness of the existence and content of stereotypes and labels toward giftedness, coping mechanisms used by Ss, and whether giftedness is perceived as valued or devalued by Ss based on interaction with peers, teachers, and parents. Positive value of giftedness reflected by parents and teachers and negative value of giftedness reflected by peers emphasized the situational context of deviance and created a social chameleon effect whereby Ss displayed this attribute in interactions where valued and masked it where devalued. Giftedness was valued for self. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Investigated which of 13 giftedness identification measures discriminated between gifted and nongifted 2nd and 3rd graders, and whether these measures discriminated against gifted students in groups such as the economically disadvantaged and/or ethnic minorities. Ss consisted of (1) 45 students from gifted classes, (2) 42 Ss from regular classrooms who received special gifted services, and (3) 31 randomly selected Ss who served as controls. Ss in the 2nd group were also examined in terms of economic disadvantage and ethnic origin (24 were White, and 8 were Black or minority Ss). A battery of measures were administered, including the Iowa Test of Basic Skills—Elementary Battery, Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale, and the Cognitive Abilities Test. Measures of scholastic aptitude, giftedness potential assessment (learning and creativity), student peer identification, and locus of control were sensitive discriminators of giftedness. Giftedness potential assessment for creativity and learning, basic skills in mathematics, and locus of control discriminated least among economically disadvantaged and/or minority Ss. Measures of teacher judgmental, student self, and parent perceptual identification appeared to be insensitive discriminators of giftedness and seemed to be somewhat biased toward economically disadvantaged and/or minority students. (12 ref) (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)

Discusses certain affective traits (persistence, independence, and self-concept) and their contribution to the realization of giftedness. The issue of labeling children as gifted is addressed, and the current practice of using children's preferences as a guide to the development of both the cognitive and affective aspects of giftedness is discussed. Data are reviewed that suggest that for adults, persistence appears to be an important feature for realizing giftedness. For children, internal control and field independence are abilities that are favored in educational settings, and there seems to be an interaction among self-concept, giftedness, and achievement. It is suggested that giftedness is not an objectively observable condition but primarily a socially defined phenomenon. It is concluded that there are several valid arguments against using children's preferences and learning styles as the basis for designing educational environments. In the short run, it may be to the advantage of students that educators adapt the educational environment to their preference, but the possibility exists that this will lead to an abdication of adult responsibility. (56 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

The study examines attitudes of teachers toward giftedness and education of gifted pupils. It shows that teachers can be divided into two groups (clusters). Those with a positive relationship toward giftedness and education of the gifted understand better the significance of giftedness for society and are less encumbered with myths and worries about elitism than teachers with generally negative attitudes toward giftedness. Creating a positive attitude toward this issue of problems is mostly related to one's own experience with the gifted. The relationship between attitudes and preferred forms of gifted education or a teacher's specialization has not been found. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

At the K-12 level one assumes that mathematically gifted students identified by out-of-level testing are also creative in their work. In professional mathematics, "creative" mathematicians constitute a very small subset within the field. At this level, mathematical giftedness does not necessarily imply mathematical creativity but the converse is certainly true. In the domain of mathematics, are the words creativity and giftedness synonyms? In this article, the constructs of mathematical creativity and mathematical giftedness are developed via a synthesis and analysis of the general literature on creativity and giftedness. The notions of creativity and giftedness at the K-12 and professional levels are compared and contrasted to develop principles and models that theoretically "maximize" the compatibility of these constructs. The relevance of these models is discussed with practical considerations for the classroom. The paper also significantly extends ideas presented by Usiskin (2000). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

The article discusses the definition of giftedness. There is also the possibility that we can only define something after we understand it sufficiently. If so, then the definition would come after intensive study rather than before it. Perhaps expectations of a complete and universally agreeable definition are too reductionist in nature. A single definition would defy the principles of the cultural and temporal relativity of the concept of giftedness. The fact that we have been able to establish a definition of giftedness composed by some of the best minds working in the field at the time, and yet it has not had the power to be as influential as we might expect does not bode well for the idea of composing a universal definition in the future. The fact that even the federal definition has gone through at least three iterations in 30 years indicates that defining giftedness will probably continue to be a dynamic process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

In an exploratory study designed to investigate Shona culture of Zimbabwe's views of giftedness, data were collected from sixteen Zimbabwean academics of Shona cultural background. Using questionnaire narratives, the study established that Shona culture views giftedness as an unusual ability blessed in an individual through ancestry which enables him/her to perform with unparalleled expertise even in challenging domains. The hallmarks of Shona culture's views of giftedness are ability to succeed, solve problems, creativity, interpersonal relationships and spirituality. When values are held constant, Shona culture's views of giftedness do not differ from views in contemporary psychology. The study recommends fusing together cultural and modern views of giftedness in the school curriculum in order to develop a diversity of talents in students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Those concerned with the achievement of gifted women presume that gifted females understand giftedness in the same manner as professionals and that gifted women believe they are gifted. In this qualitative (grounded theory) study, the experiences of six gifted females between the ages of 18 and 25 were examined in an attempt to understand how they perceive and experience giftedness. It is concluded that alienation or lack of interpersonal support for being gifted is connected to the tendency to perceive giftedness as separate from intelligence and as external, to have unclear life goals, and to find little value in being gifted during the developmental period of 'emerging adulthood'. On the other hand, strong interpersonal support for being gifted--especially in close relationships - is connected to the tendency to have an internalized sense of giftedness, to perceive giftedness as synonymous with intelligence, to have a clear future direction and to re-evaluate giftedness in emerging adulthood as having importance and value. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

The identification of gifted children is a paradoxical issue in the scientific literature. This topic is largely underrepresented, in spite of the complexity of the questions it raises. The concept of identification of giftedness is a multifaceted topic. From a theoretical point of view, the definitions of giftedness diverge. From a methodological point of view, the domains of measurement, the techniques of evaluation and the criteria used are also extremely variable. The limits of the "traditional" psychometric approach to giftedness are presented starting from the example of the WISC. Several questions are addressed: the value of the identification threshold, the relevance of available norms and psychometric qualities of this test. Finally, prospects offered by Item Response Models to renew the psychometric approach to the identification of giftedness are considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Leadership has been retained in the federal definition of giftedness, across major revisions, since its inclusion in the Marland Report (1972) definition more than 30 years ago. Despite this history, there appears to be little consensus regarding the relationship between leadership education and education for talented and gifted youth. This review analyzes publications about leadership education among talented and gifted students since 1980. Four major emphases are identified within this literature, and empirical articles within each area of emphasis are summarized and critiqued. Analysis confirms that a consolidated theoretical framework for leadership giftedness has not yet materialized, although limited consensus may be emerging regarding the aspects of leadership that are more or less responsive to instruction. Findings suggest that more research may be needed to justify retaining leadership ability within the federal definition of giftedness. Three suggested directions for future research on youth leadership giftedness are extrapolated from this foundation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Development of mental giftedness is discussed in the context of normative situations occurring in the process of pre-school instruction. A normative situation is treated as a combination of factors, conditions and circumstances with regard to which society prescribes to the subject a specific line of action. The normative situation allows selective influence on structural components of preschoolers' mental giftedness: cognitive ability, creative and cognitive activity. Depending on the nature of normative situations arising in the instructional process, the educational system may have different effects on child giftedness, supporting or inhibiting child initiative and activity. It is possible to single out three types of rules regulating a preschooler's activity: prohibiting, positively normalizing and norm creating. An educational system comprising normative situations supporting children's cognitive initiative is favourable for effective development of child giftedness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

This article describes a continuum of definitions of giftedness from conservative to liberal, and how these definitions relate to the development of the 3-ring conception of giftedness. In this definition, above-average ability, task commitment, and creativity are seen as 3 interactive clusters of traits that gifted students may exhibit or are capable of developing. The 3-ring conception of giftedness provides an operational definition that can be used by schools as the basis for identification that, in turn, leads to more targeted programming options for gifted students. Recent research related to the 3-ring conception focuses on the infinite number of interactions that contribute to giftedness including personality and environmental factors that have an impact on one's ability to engage in creative and productive endeavors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Compared the academic and learning characteristics of 9 male students (aged 8–10 yrs) with (a) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), (b) giftedness, and (c) giftedness with ADHD, and examined specific a priori questions. The information reported by teachers, parents, and children was analyzed with a multiple-case design with constant comparative procedures within and across groups. The results indicated that giftedness conferred benefits related to specific talents but did not offer protection from the negative outcomes of ADHD, such as inattention and homework problems. The learning and motivational profiles of each group were discussed in terms of implications for differential diagnosis and research and for teaching children with ADHD and giftedness in general and special settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

There is evidence to support two contrasting views about the psychological well-being of gifted children: (1) that giftedness enhances resiliency in individuals, and (2) that giftedness increases vulnerability. There is empirical and theoretical evidence to support both views. It is clear that giftedness influences the psychological well-being of individuals. Whether the psychological outcomes for gifted children, adolescents, and adults are positive or negative seems to depend on at least three factors that interact synergistically: the type of giftedness, the educational fit, and one's personal characteristics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)