Su búsqueda

What do children need? They need understanding and support to help ensure they live safe, healthy, happy, and productive lives. Educators and health care professionals can help prevent many of the common social, emotional, and academic problems faced by children and schools. As shown throughout this volume, a wealth of research exists to guide practitioners in the selection, development, and implementation of effective school-based prevention programs. Unfortunately, far too many problems are not prevented, and intervention is necessary. To intervene effectively, practitioners must understand evidence-based and practical techniques, strategies, and programs for intervention. Written by leading experts in the field, each chapter in Children's Needs III offers proven interventions and recommended resources for further information. The book's 81 chapters are organized into four sections: (I) Children's Social and Emotional Needs; (II) Children's Academic Needs; (III) Children's Family-Related Needs; and (IV) Children's Health-Related Needs. Children's Needs III provides an authoritative resource that health care providers and educators can use every day in meeting the social, emotional, academic, family, and health needs of all children. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: cover)

Students who are gifted and/or talented are known more for their contributions and potential contributions than any other group of students. Meeting the educational needs of these students, however, can be a tremendous challenge for those who teach them. In Teaching Students With Gifts and Talents, Bob Algozzine and Jim Ysseldyke offer educators helpful information for identifying gifted and talented students, and present effective instructional approaches--enrichment and acceleration--to ensure that these exceptional students are constantly challenged and engaged. Highlights include: (1) a pretest and posttest to help readers assess their understanding of giftedness and how the needs of gifted and talented students are best addressed; (2) cognitive, academic, communicational, physical, and behavioral characteristics that are associated with high-ability learners; (3) effective instructional approaches and activities to keep gifted and talented students motivated and reaching ever-higher levels of achievement; and (4) key vocabulary terms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: cover)

This book shows, in detail and with concrete examples, how educational theory and research can be translated into practice. Well-known researchers who have worked to establish productive sustainable connections between the knowledge produced by the research community and the practices employed in school settings provide descriptions of successful strategies that have been used to bridge the gap among theory, research, and practice. The volume addresses three main themes: (1) Analysis of how educational theory and research may be used to improve student learning and achievement in mathematics, science, and reading; (2) Examination of how educational theory and research has been used to conceptualize, implement, and evaluate the effects of challenges of large-scale reform; and (3) Exploration of how different models of intelligence and creativity have informed educational practice. Viewed as a collective effort to translate theory and research into educational practice, the interventions and programs described by the contributors to this volume represent nearly 200 years of work. As a compendium of successful strategies, this book will help other identify ways to make their own research more useful to their practice communities. As an investigation of persistent, seemingly intractable problems encountered when attempting to connect theory and research to the everyday work of teachers and students in classrooms, the analyses presented in this volume demonstrate where additional work is needed. By examining critical, persistent challenges encountered when attempting to connect educational theory and research to the everyday work of teachers in classrooms and schools, this book will help improve the practical value of educational research and help chart the course of future research. Translating Theory and Research Into Educational Practice is intended as a text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses across the discipline of education and should be particularly relevant for classes dealing with educational research, educational policy, and teaching and learning. This book is equally relevant for various communities interested in improving connections between research and practice, including educational researchers, educational psychologists, psychologists, teachers, other educational professionals such as state school officers, district officials, and policy makers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: cover)

In the sections that follow, I summarize the two major theories underlying my work: the three-ring conception of giftedness and the enrichment triad model. Also interrelated with this phase is a subtheory that defines a procedure for regular curriculum modification called curriculum compacting. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

Israel is a small country in which the academic and creative abilities of people are considered a major natural resource (Milgram, 2000). The identification and education of gifted and talented children and adolescents have been the focus of considerable interest in Israel for many years. The rationale underlying this interest is that a small country, bereft of natural resources, must place high priority on its human resources, that is, on the abilities and talents of its people. This chapter is divided into four sections. In the first section, we present a summary of research in Israel on topics of creativity. In the second section, we present a theoretical model of the structure of giftedness and creativity (Milgram, 1989, 1991) that has generated the bulk of theory-driven empirical research on creativity in Israel. In the third section we report on international research on learning style and creativity that included Israel, and in the fourth section we discuss new directions in research on creativity in Israel. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

This article reviews the basic neuro-anatomic foundations and psychological concepts of intelligence, aptitude, talent and giftedness and their relevance to music. There are several academic traditions with different approaches which are based upon various scientific paradigms. Starting with a brief survey of the historical contribution of differential psychology and the European tradition of investigating musicality, different concepts of intelligence from the g-factor paradigm (Charles Spearman) up to the theory of multiple intelligences (Howard Gardner) are reviewed. The neural correlates of intelligence introduce into the discussion to what extent (if ever) music abilities and general cognitive competences interact. For this, the debate on the Mozart effect is critically viewed. From a meta-analysis it can be stated that although a moderate positive correlation between studying the music and academic achievement is observed, there is no empirical evidence to suggest a causal relation between music and verbal or math advancement. In the last section a hierarchical structure of the different aspects of intelligence and how they relate to and possibly interfere with music is outlined. An integrated model of general intelligence and music achievement is finally elaborated. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

How do musical skills develop in children? What factors inhibit their development? Why do we like certain music during childhood and adolescence? Can music affect the development of other cognitive abilities in children, and how? These are just some of the questions considered in this new work. The Child as Musician is an authoritative and comprehensive handbook of musical development from conception to late adolescence. In 24 chapters by leading specialists, it celebrates the richness and diversity of the many different ways in which children can engage in and interact with music. The chapters have been organized into five sections: The first section (Development) examines the critical months and years from conception to the end of infancy. It looks at how the musical brain develops, ways of understanding musical development, and the nature of musicality. Section two (Engagement) scrutinizes claims about the non-musical benefit of exposure to music, for example that music makes you smarter. This is followed by four thorough reviews dealing with musical preference and taste, literacy, aesthetic identity and the perception of emotion in music. Section three (Differences) focuses on those issues that help explain and identify individual differences. It includes chapter examining how children develop their motivation to study music, conceptions of giftedness and talent, and two chapters on children with disabilities. Section four covers skills that can develop as a result of exposure to music. It considers the informal activities associated with musical play and the use of computers and technology. There are also chapters dealing with the acquisition of vocal and instrumental skills, as well as the individual and social worlds of children's musical creativity. The final section of the book discusses five different contexts: the chapter on historical perspectives provides readers with information that will assist them in making comparisons between how children have learned and developed their musical capacities in the past, with current opportunities. This is extended by two additional chapters that focus on children's involvement in music in non-western cultures. The book concludes with two chapters focusing on youth musical engagement and the transition from child to adult. Truly a landmark publication in music education and music psychology, this is a book that will fascinate both students and researchers--inspiring them to think deeply about the many different ways in which music can affect children's lives and the quality of life in communities throughout the world. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: cover)

One of the most contentious debates in psychology, education, biology, and other related disciplines centres on the source of exceptional ability. To what extent can the remarkable achievements of eminent musicians, intellectuals, visual artists, writers, and so on be explained through 'nature' (innate aptitudes) or 'nurture' (the environment)? How can these achievements, regardless of their source, be identified and fostered? Certainly, the multitude of complex issues surrounding this debate have kept scholars busy for decades, and it is probably true that, in many ways, researchers are no closer to agreement than they were 20 or 30 years ago. The only possible exception to this is the general recognition that traditional views of intelligence, especially those based exclusively on a single measure such as an IQ score, are no longer seen as valid nor reliable forms of explaining the multifarious abilities evident throughout childhood and beyond (Hettinger & Carr, 2003). In this chapter, we address fundamental issues surrounding the nature/nurture debate in music and, in doing so, scrutinize much of the folklore that typically accompanies remarkable musical abilities. Specifically, we outline a broad framework that distinguishes between 'giftedness' and 'talent' and discuss, in turn, six core components of this framework: giftedness, the developmental process, intrapersonal factors, environmental catalysts, chance, and talent. We then explore the scope and potential for identifying musically gifted children. Throughout, we draw on the early experiences of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, commonly evoked as the paradigmatic example of childhood accomplishment, to elucidate these components. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

In this essay I will be questioning the origins and viability of Gardner's u-curved aesthetic development hypothesis. I will advance two sorts of critical material--contextual-historical and empirical. But before I question the premises and predictive power of one of Gardner's very numerous and robust intellectual offspring, I first must acknowledge his support over the years. He has been a generous mentor and he has functioned as a prolific and inspiring researcher. His work in the fields of multiple intelligences, creativity, giftedness and the arts have all been important landmarks in my professional landscape. It is true of original and synoptic thinkers like Gardner, that their predictions and observations are hugely generative. Thus for example, MI theory has been a fruitful source for practical change and theoretical research in education. Educators do need to have a clearer idea of what constitutes intelligence and MI theory has certainly prodded them into thinking afresh on this topic. The same can be said of the u-curve theory--its claims, provable or not, have brought about an important debate in art education and psychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

In the first part of this chapter, differences and similarities between static and dynamic measures of intelligence are presented and analyzed. Static measures of intelligence are generally obtained by testing either a ratio of mental age to chronological age or a score of deviation from age norm. Dynamic measures of intelligence are generally obtained by administrating novel problem solving tasks to the subjects, supplying them with gradual and balanced assistance that progressively disclose the solution of the problem, and determining the amount of aid the learner needs to be able to solve the problem. The amount of aid is inversely proportional to the modifiability index. The modifiability index is the general propensity to change, and can better measure intelligence. In the second part of this chapter it is hypothesized that some subjects can obtain a normal score with static test measures and a giftedness score with dynamic test measures. Two experiments were conducted to examine the relationship between dynamic measures and static measures of intelligence in low socio-economic background subjects and in ADHD subjects. In the first experiment 24 subjects with either high (12) or low (12) level of socio-economic background were trained to master problem solving tests with dynamic and static measures of intelligence. In the second experiment 57 subjects, 10 with ADHD-IA, 10 with ADHD-HI, 10 with ADHD-C and 27 controls were trained to master problem solving tests with dynamic and static measures of intelligence. The results showed that subjects with ADHD-C and Controls scored similarly on dynamic and static measure, but subjects with ADHD-HI and subjects with a low level of socioeconomic background had lower scores with static test measures and higher scores with dynamic test measures. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for intelligence tests. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

With the increased number of children being diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), parents and professionals are in search of materials that provide information that will enable them to better understand affected children. While in the past individuals who were diagnosed had limited verbal and intellectual skills, newly diagnosed children often have good language skills and even areas of giftedness. This A-to-Z work contains original entries on the topic of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Entries include facts about disabilities, personal and historic perspectives, interventions, assessments, educational methods, trusted Internet resources, and national organizations. The work outlines the contributions of founding researchers and other professionals and includes personal perspectives from individuals with ASD and their parents. It also includes lesson plans that can be implemented in a home, school, or community setting. No other such definitive resource exists that provides both educational and practical information related to ASD. This volume covers alphabetical entries P-Z. Volume 1 (see record 2007-17149-000) covers alphabetical entries A-O. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: cover)

The United States' commitment to gifted education, and the relative importance the government has placed on it, has fluctuated throughout its compulsory education history. The presiding political and societal beliefs of the times have been reflected in how the construct of "giftedness" was defined and how this definition influenced both the identification process and the specialized education for gifted children and adolescents. The U.S. population is becoming increasingly diverse and is projected to increase by 50% among culturally and linguistically diverse groups in the year 2050 (U.S. Census Bureau, 1996). Therefore it is imperative to advance our understanding of giftedness and culture to develop procedures that will facilitate the identification of special gifts and talents among culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) children and adolescents. The goal of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive review of identification methods used with gifted and talented CLD children and adolescents. A historical background is provided to illustrate the evolution of the definition of giftedness from one that was unitary in nature toward a multidimensional construct based on theory and research, as well as the challenges faced when identifying CLD children and adolescents. This is followed by a review of culturally sensitive approaches and alternative assessment procedures and their implications on the interdisciplinary practices of school psychologists, teachers, and parents. Finally, the authors provide suggestions for a comprehensive multicultural identification model of giftedness and its implications for future research and practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: create)

With the increased number of children being diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), parents and professionals are in search of materials that provide information that will enable them to better understand affected children. While in the past individuals who were diagnosed had limited verbal and intellectual skills, newly diagnosed children often have good language skills and even areas of giftedness. This A-to-Z work contains original entries on the topic of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Entries include facts about disabilities, personal and historic perspectives, interventions, assessments, educational methods, trusted Internet resources, and national organizations. The work outlines the contributions of founding researchers and other professionals and includes personal perspectives from individuals with ASD and their parents. It also includes lesson plans that can be implemented in a home, school, or community setting. No other such definitive resource exists that provides both educational and practical information related to ASD. This volume contains alphabetical entries A-O. Volume 2 (see record 2007-17150-000) contains alphabetical entries P-Z. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: cover)

This unique guidebook is specifically designed with useful multicultural applications aimed at practice-based school psychology. The text includes an informational and instructional array of helpful "hands-on" checklists, reviews of some of the most current cultural literature applicable to best practices, and guided steps to take in various practice-based situations. Multicultural School Psychology Competencies: A Practical Guide is culturally sensitive and is intended for the multicultural competency preparation of psychologists in training and in practice. It is a significant resource for professionals who work with diverse children and youth in schools and other educational settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: cover)

Essentials of creativity assessment presents balanced coverage of the wide variety of assessments that can be used to gauge creativity, enabling mental health professionals to select the creativity assessment method that best fits the situations, groups of people, and programs that are involved. Written to gather as many resources as possible to enable professionals to make their own judgment about the most appropriate creativity assessments, this book covers: divergent thinking tests; The Consensual Assessment Technique; self assessment; and assessment by others: teacher, peer, and parent measures. Like all the volumes in the Essentials of psychological assessment series, this book is designed to help busy mental health professionals quickly acquire the knowledge and skills they need to make optimal use of major psychological assessment instruments. Each chapter features numerous callout boxes highlighting key concepts, bulleted points, and extensive illustrative material, as well as test questions that help readers gauge and reinforce their grasp of the information covered. Offering myriad ways to assess creativity, Essentials of creativity assessment arms readers to find the most appropriate technique or combination of techniques for their particular creativity assessment purposes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: cover)

This chapter will present a brief history of tests of intelligence or cognitive abilities, particularly as to how they have been used in identification of students with gifts. Next, the chapter will explore theories of intelligence and how they have influenced the most commonly used measures of cognitive abilities. In addition, there is a discussion of some of the strengths and weaknesses of common measures of intelligence or cognitive abilities for gifted identification and how these tests can be used as part of a comprehensive assessment to develop a learning profile of a student. Finally, there is a discussion of some of the challenging and controversial issues facing those who use intelligence or cognitive abilities measures to identify students who have gifts, cultural factors in tests, and methods of testing and identifying students with both gifts and disabilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

The goal of this chapter is to assist the psychologist in these tasks by highlighting the major findings from the empirical literature on twice exceptional children and by exploring their implications for psychological practice. In particular, the chapter aims to answer six questions: Who are twice exceptional children? What distinguishes them from other populations? How might they be effectively identified? What issues, if any, are unique to this population? What interventions have been demonstrated to be most effective in enhancing their achievement and social-emotional adjustment? How should educational placement decisions be made? (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

Creativity is arguably among the most important--yet least understood--psychological constructs. Creativity is often conceptualized as an engine of economic development as well as the impetus behind technological advances, workplace leadership, and life success (see Amabile, 1998; Davila, Epstein, & Shelton, 2006; Kappel & Rubenstein, 1999; Stevens & Burley, 1999; Tierney, Farmer, & Graen, 1999; Torrance, 1981a). Florida (2002,2005) goes so far as to make a strong case that the American economy is, in fact, a "Creative Economy." Of course, creativity's virtues extend beyond economic benefits. The recent rise in popularity of positive psychology, with its shift in emphasis from pathology to prevention and personal strengths, has focused attention on the use of creativity and creative development as paths to improve the human condition. For example, creativity has been associated with maintaining healthy, loving relationships (Livingston, 1999), effective therapy (Kendall, Chu, Gifford, Hayes, & Nauta, 1998), learning to resolve conflicts effectively (Webb, 1995), combat grief (Davis, 1989), and even the use of humor to defuse potentially violent circumstances (Jurcova, 1998). With such a diverse array of effects, one might presume an abundance of attention and funds have been spent researching creativity. However, Sternberg and Lubart (1996) concluded that psychology researchers have committed far too few resources toward creativity given its importance to the field and the world, and the situation appears to have changed little since their observations a decade ago. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

During the last few decades, an increasing number of psychologists have become interested in gifted and talented students, and the reasons they underachieve or excel in school and, subsequently, in life. While some research has focused on this population, comparatively little has been conducted on the ways that psychologists can help male and female gifted students to achieve well both in and out of school, and find challenging work, as well as contentment in their personal lives. In this chapter, research from the last few decades concerning giftedness and gender is summarized, with special attention paid to how psychologists can help intervene for positive outcomes for both girls and boys. When we refer to academically gifted and talented students, we include those who have been identified as academically gifted and talented, high achieving, or very creative. In this chapter, current research is summarized relating to gender differences in ability, achievement, belief in self, social and emotional factors, socialization factors including teacher and parent influences, and barriers to the development of giftedness in males and females. The chapter concludes with some suggested strategies for talent development in both gifted boys and girls, and the psychoeducational and clinical implications of the interaction between gender and giftedness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

In this chapter, we examine barriers to the recruitment and retention of CLD students in gifted programs, including advanced placement (AP) classes. In addition to discussing barriers, we propose recommendations. Several premises guide our work and this chapter. First, we recognize that change is difficult--resistance to changing is high, specifically if it threatens the status quo. We also recognize that, as we seek to preserve the status quo, a significant segment of our student population is denied access to programs that they are legally entitled to participate in. Second, we believe that increasing access to gifted education cannot occur unless we decrease and, ideally, eliminate, deficit thinking about CLD students. This move away from low and negative expectations requires substantive training and preparation, as well as leadership to set the tone and ensure accountability. Third, we believe that many policies and procedures must be viewed through a lens of equity so that we can see more fully their impact on underrepresentation. A further assumption and proposition is that no group has a monopoly on "giftedness." Giftedness exists in every cultural group and across all economic strata (USDE, 1993). Consequently, there should be little or no underrepresentation of racial and ethnic minority students in gifted education. A fourth premise is that giftedness is a social construct; subjectivity guides definitions, assessments, and perceptions of giftedness (Pfeiffer, 2003; Sternberg, 1985). This subjectivity contributes to segregated gifted education programs in numerous and insidious ways. Sapon-Shevon (1996) states that "the ways in which gifted education is defined, constituted, and enacted lead directly to increased segregation, limited educational opportunities for the majority of students, and damage to children's social and political developments" (p. 196). Accordingly, educators must examine their views about the purposes of gifted education in particular and their perceptions of students from racially and ethnically diverse backgrounds. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)