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  • One of the most contentious debates in psychology, education, biology, and other related disciplines centres on the source of exceptional ability. To what extent can the remarkable achievements of eminent musicians, intellectuals, visual artists, writers, and so on be explained through 'nature' (innate aptitudes) or 'nurture' (the environment)? How can these achievements, regardless of their source, be identified and fostered? Certainly, the multitude of complex issues surrounding this debate have kept scholars busy for decades, and it is probably true that, in many ways, researchers are no closer to agreement than they were 20 or 30 years ago. The only possible exception to this is the general recognition that traditional views of intelligence, especially those based exclusively on a single measure such as an IQ score, are no longer seen as valid nor reliable forms of explaining the multifarious abilities evident throughout childhood and beyond (Hettinger & Carr, 2003). In this chapter, we address fundamental issues surrounding the nature/nurture debate in music and, in doing so, scrutinize much of the folklore that typically accompanies remarkable musical abilities. Specifically, we outline a broad framework that distinguishes between 'giftedness' and 'talent' and discuss, in turn, six core components of this framework: giftedness, the developmental process, intrapersonal factors, environmental catalysts, chance, and talent. We then explore the scope and potential for identifying musically gifted children. Throughout, we draw on the early experiences of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, commonly evoked as the paradigmatic example of childhood accomplishment, to elucidate these components. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

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