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  • Creativity is one of the most important and permanent human behaviors for all individuals (Simonton, 2000). The individuals' creativity are in different phases, degrees, magnitudes, and means, which makes creativity "a multifaceted phenomenon rather than a single unitary construct capable of a precise definition" (Isaksen, 1987, p. 8). Creativity has qualitative and distinct characteristics that are part of the individuals' intelligence, which includes (a) divergent-convergent and primary-secondary thinking systems; (b) critical-analytical thinking processes, intuition, imagination, elaboration, creative results, novelty, and meaning; and (c) specific personal and environmental facets (Torrance, 1981). Teachers contend that the importance of their profession goes beyond merely preparing young children for future work. Recently teachers seem to promote the development of the children's creativity. According to Esquivel (1995), the progress of this concept has developed slowly due to "(1) an increased understanding of the nature of creativity as a distinct process, amendable to training; (2) historical developments that led to educational reform and innovative practices, emphasizing giftedness and creative abilities; (3) research findings on teacher variables, instructional behaviors, and learning environments effective in fostering creativity; and (4) the development and evaluation of creative curriculum methods and programs to be implemented by the teacher in the classroom" (p. 185). Esquivel (1995) shows that interest has emerged in creative teaching within the framework of the aforementioned educational improvements, concentrating on the teachers' roles. Teachers seem to have become more receptive to creativity, which they have perceived as indicating "open- mindedness, exploration, the celebration of difference and originality ... an automatic opposition to the language of targets, to instrumental skills, the measurement of outcomes and the dogmas of accountability" (Cullingford, 2007, p. 133). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

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