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On the basis of findings from the expertise research, the authors discuss 3 reasons for the deficits of giftedness research in the field of vocational training: the emphasis put on general giftedness factors and the insufficient attention paid to the domain specificity of exceptional performances and to the course of expertise development. As a consequence, a giftedness model is suggested that combines the traditions of giftedness research with those of expertise research. In addition to a person's internal performance dispositions, favorable personality characteristics, and environmental features, the authors primarily focus on the active learning process where domain-specific expertise is acquired. Consequences for practical diagnosis and the advancement of gifted persons in the vocational area are considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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Studied giftedness, defined as individual cognitive, motivational, and social potential to perform at a high level in 1 or more of the following areas: intelligence, creativity, social competence, artistic ability, and psychomotor ability. Human Ss: Normal male and female German schoolage children and adolescents (a large national sample divided into 6 age cohorts: 1st–11th graders). Parameters of giftedness were measured from 1986 through 1988. A 2-stage longitudinal study was conducted: (1) screening and differential testing to measure personality variables and study parameters of the social environment that affect giftedness and (2) development and analysis of academic achievements, with consideration of the effects of personality and environmental factors. Tests used: The German variant of the California Achievement Tests and the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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[reports on studies conducted to clarify aspects of the interrelation of strategy use, metamemory, and giftedness] / purpose of study 1 was to investigate whether typical findings on metamemory and strategy use in normal samples can be found in gifted children as well / [Ss were 217 2nd graders and 268 4th graders] study 2 was planned as an intensive study (single experimental sessions) of the strategy behavior and metamemory of [2nd and 4th graders] of different levels of giftedness study 3 [examined] whether (transfer) effects of a metamemorial intervention depend on the level of giftedness [Ss were the same as in study 1] (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)
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[describes] an educational-psychological research project, the Munich Longitudinal Study of Giftedness . . . carried out [from 1985 to 1989] / data from gifted students were collected in three waves from 1986 to 1988 starting with a large multiregional sample of 26,000 students [grades 1 through 13 within the German school system] in six cohorts / in 1989, a replication study was begun in Moscow by a team of psychologists at the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR / a data collection point for the German sample is planned for 1993 giftedness model underlying the Munich Longitudinal Study / design of the study / sample and method / results for the first phase of the study (identification phase) / results of the second phase of the study (longitudinal phase) [the predictive validity of the test battery, results concerning the typological concept of giftedness, the influence of environmental factors on the performance of gifted students, changes in cognitive and noncognitive features, personality characteristics of gifted secondary school students] / results of the interview study [validity of the questionnaires, developmental conditions] (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)
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provide a concrete practical orientation . . . , focusing on indicators of high ability [in young children] / begin with definitions of high ability as a theoretical framework / focus on selected sets of indicators which are frequently cited in the literature: general psychometric measures, more or less stable components of the cognitive apparatus, including motivational characteristics, and also early expertise in selected fields of achievement the following components of high ability will be reviewed: attention and habituation, memory capacity and durability, memory efficiency, sleep, knowledge base and strategies, strategy use, metacognition and executive control, causal attribution, and curiosity and interests / indicators to do with specific areas of achievement such as language, numerical/mathematical expertise, or (precocious) reading and writing will be summarized / socialization variables influencing development of high ability will be discussed, primarily the question of how certain social conditions, especially caretaker–child interactions can affect a child, fostering exceptional learning and cognitive abilities / practical applications of the findings, as well as ages and domains where they are appropriate will be discussed / related problems in the interaction of promise of development and its fulfillment will also be addressed (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)
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