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On the basis of findings from the expertise research, the authors discuss 3 reasons for the deficits of giftedness research in the field of vocational training: the emphasis put on general giftedness factors and the insufficient attention paid to the domain specificity of exceptional performances and to the course of expertise development. As a consequence, a giftedness model is suggested that combines the traditions of giftedness research with those of expertise research. In addition to a person's internal performance dispositions, favorable personality characteristics, and environmental features, the authors primarily focus on the active learning process where domain-specific expertise is acquired. Consequences for practical diagnosis and the advancement of gifted persons in the vocational area are considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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After a brief introduction the theoretical basis of the Munich High Ability Test-Battery (MHBT) will be outlined in the first part of the article. The MHBT has been developed in the framework of the Munich longitudinal study of giftedness and talent. The MHBT includes not only cognitive predictors measuring several dimensions and types of giftedness concerning intellectual, creative or social abilities etc., but also giftedness-relevant non-cognitive personality and social moderators measuring interests, motivations, learning emotions, self-concepts or family and school climate, educational style, quality of instruction, etc. The MHBT-instruments (different scales and dimensions) are described in greater detail. In the second part of the article, after dealing with the objectivity, the reliability, and the validity of the MHBT, the authors discuss the standardization procedure including the development of grade-based T-norms respectively as well as several talent-profiles, e.g. of gifted achievers vs. underachievers, intellectual, creative, social talents or linguistic, math, science talent profiles etc. Finally, examples of talent search for gifted programs and case studies on the basis of MHBT should illustrate multidimensional identification procedures. The MHBT fulfills the most relevant assessment tasks belonging to the gifted educational and counseling practice. The usefulness of the MHBT in the framework of giftedness research as well as of gifted program evaluation studies has also been proven in the last decade. Hence the MHBT offers many opportunities to assessing giftedness and talent. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
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It is of major importance to use psychological tests and questionnaires that are carefully constructed so that their reliability and validity can be determined in different (sub)cultures (Campbell & Tirri, 2004). However, a necessary prerequisite for this is the development of solid conceptual constructs. Otherwise, the researcher runs into the danger of empirically collecting data and loosing touch with reality. A theory-free empirical approach also makes it difficult to relate findings to other psychological research. We first show why and how the Munich Dynamic Ability-Achievement Model (MDAAM) evolved from the Munich Model of Giftedness (MMG). We will then illustrate how the MDAAM can stimulate and structure theoretical and empirical research. The MDAAM can be used as an integrative model of giftedness, talent, expertise, and achievement and could this way bridge the gap between the process-oriented approaches of cognitive studies as well as expertise research and psychometric studies in the field. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
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Studied giftedness, defined as individual cognitive, motivational, and social potential to perform at a high level in 1 or more of the following areas: intelligence, creativity, social competence, artistic ability, and psychomotor ability. Human Ss: Normal male and female German schoolage children and adolescents (a large national sample divided into 6 age cohorts: 1st–11th graders). Parameters of giftedness were measured from 1986 through 1988. A 2-stage longitudinal study was conducted: (1) screening and differential testing to measure personality variables and study parameters of the social environment that affect giftedness and (2) development and analysis of academic achievements, with consideration of the effects of personality and environmental factors. Tests used: The German variant of the California Achievement Tests and the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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- Entre 1900 y 1999 (2)
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