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Describes the theoretical and methodological foundations and selected results of the Munich study of giftedness, a longitudinal study involving more than 26,000 male and female West German school age children and adolescents (aged 6–18 yrs). The study's multidimensional concept of giftedness is analyzed, and methods for measuring the various components and correlates of giftedness are identified. Results concerning the personality correlates of giftedness and concerning gender differences in the dimensions of giftedness are emphasized. Implications for the identification of gifted children and the promotion of giftedness are discussed. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Presents selected results of a 4-yr (Munich, Germany) longitudinal study of giftedness, and discusses the conceptual and theoretical problems of giftedness. Beginning with a large multiregional sample with 6 age cohorts of more than 26,000 students between 6–16 yrs, data were collected on highly gifted students (30% of original sample) during 3 periods between 1986 and 1988. The study was based on a multidimensional domain-specific concept of giftedness: intelligence, creativity, social competence, musical ability, and psychomotor ability (or practical intelligence). Areas studied included academic achievement and leisure activities, cognitive and motivational personality factors, and school and family socialization conditions. Developmental factors and achievement analyses of gifted and normal students aged 6–18 yrs were the central focus during the 2nd phase of the study. On the whole, results support the hypothesis of various types of giftedness, but definite characteristic clusters of the gifted were not found. Among other results discussed, sex difference results include the finding that girls' giftedness declined with increasing age. Consequences for the nurturing of giftedness are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Discusses central topics and issues in the diagnosis of giftedness, including: (1) the questionable distinction between intelligence and creativity in formulating definitions of giftedness, (2) the various functions of giftedness diagnosis, (3) methodological problems, and (4) research needs. Recommendations for the practice of giftedness assessment are provided. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Comments on Sternberg's article on WICS as a model for giftedness (see record 2004-10570-002). The current author examines the reasons for the fact that complex models of giftedness seem to be en vogue at the start of this new millennium, and discusses whether the WICS model can offer new insights regarding the nature of giftedness from a cross-cultural perspective. He suggests that if Sternberg is able to theoretically and empirically confirm the three components intelligence, creativity, and wisdom not only with respect to their complementary relationships, but also regarding their different levels of complexity (with wisdom as inclusive, encompassing, and the highest level of complexity), he may accomplish-similar to the coup made by the hierarchical model of intelligence prominent in the English school during the middle of the last century-a 'Quantum leap' in giftedness research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Following an introductory definition of 'scientific ability and creativity', product-oriented, personality and social psychological approaches to studying scientific ability are examined with reference to competence and performance. Studies in the psychometric versus cognitive psychological paradigms are dealt with in more detail. These two research strategies complement each other in describing and explaining scientific ability and creativity in the field of science and technology. Whereas psychometric studies seem to be essential for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, cognitive psychological studies help to explain the development of individual competencies and excellent performances. In the last two decades, another research paradigm has arisen that has been characterized as 'giftedness as developing expertise'. The so-called 'expert-novice paradigm' is based on a dynamic concept of giftedness in which creativity and motivation play an indispensable role. As an example of this approach, the Munich Dynamic Ability Achievement Model (MDAAM)--an extended version of the Munich Model of Giftedness (MMG)--will be discussed in greater detail. Furthermore, empirical data from the author's studies of scientific ability and technical creativity will be presented and their theoretical context described. Finally, various possibilities for nurturing scientifically and creatively talented adolescents and adults are discussed, with sex-related problems being touched upon. Generally, the hypothetical construct 'scientific ability' can be defined as scientific thinking potential or as a special talent for excellence in (natural) sciences. Similar to this definition, 'scientific creativity' or 'technical creativity' can be conceptualized as individual and social capacities for solving complex scientific and technical problems in an innovative and productive way. Both descriptive and explanatory terms are necessary for a theoretically and practically efficient definition. This further necessitates different research strategies, which will be demonstrated with respect to several study examples. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

The present paper is based on questions of the theoretical conceptualization of the hypothetical construct "creativity", its operationalization and corresponding measurement problems. Intelligence and creativity are seen here as two complementary components with regard to solving complex cognitive problems. In addition to newer research paradigms and models, empirical results of current research on giftedness and creativity will be presented. The focus will be on four main topics: (1) giftedness and creativity characteristics as individual determinants of achievement (at school, university, and work); (2) social and cultural conditions of the development of domain specific competencies and achievements; (3) development of excellent achievement in light of modern life span research and sex related differences; and (4) integrative approaches to identifying highly able and creative students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Discusses conceptual issues related to giftedness, and describes recent theories and research approaches in the area of giftedness. Additional topics include: (1) methodological problems in the identification of gifted children and adolescents, (2) psychosocial problems of gifted children, and (3) educational strategies for gifted students. (English abstract) (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)

One of the principle reasons responsible for the fact that nurturing the gifted and talented in Germany has (once again) advanced to a pedagogic concern in the 1990's lies in the dichotomy of equality and excellence. Are these two pedagogic goals actually incompatible, as often maintained in open discussions? After a long period of oscillation between these two poles, in the age of information a new emphasis has increasingly been placed on excellence. "It becomes more and more important for bright students to be using their abilities to stimulate this new era with economic and political productivity. But this will not happen if the current 'laissez faire' approach to gifted students continues into the next decade" (Gallagher, 2000, p. 691). Following a short definition of giftedness and related conceptions, arguments for gifted education stemming from the areas of learning psychology and instructional psychology will be discussed. The central problems concerning identification and programming will then be addressed in greater detail. Hypotheses will be developed, on the basis of the ATI model that gifted students need creative, stimulating learning environments. Various approaches will be presented here and discussed in the context of TIMSS and PISA. The second part of the article will deal with guidance and counseling issues with respect to the special needs of gifted children and adolescents and their social contact persons (peers, parents, teachers). In conclusion, German program evaluation, studies in the fields of gifted education, counseling and nurturing giftedness and talent will be presented. The outcomes of these studies and their consequences for improvements for the quality of gifted and talented education and counseling in Germany will be discussed. Excellence is one of the most important educational-psychological challenges of the new century. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Comments on an article by Albert Zieglera & Shane N. Phillipson (see record 2012-16824-002). In their article, Ziegler and Phillipson criticize the “erroneous view” of the research paradigms mentioned with respect to gifted education as well as to our understanding of the development of excellence or exceptionality. Instead of them, they plead for a “paradigm shift” and describe “basic principles of gifted education” based on the “actiotope model” in a systemic view. This reminds me of the controversial debate on psychometric research approaches versus process diagnostics and “action research” in the field 25 years ago. In the first part of their article Ziegler and Phillipson review the “state of the art” and complain the deficiencies of many current fundamental principles of gifted education including talent search and identification approaches in educational and school psychology. All in all: Ziegler and Phillipson offer a very stimulating article, which provides the reader with many new insights into gifted education and useful information relevant to its improvement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

After a brief introduction with four main questions related to identifying gifted and talented students, this article centres on the following topics: (1) multidimensional conceptions of giftedness as preconditions of suitable identification procedures, (2) functions and benefits vs. dangers of identification measures, (3) methodological problems and (4) practical recommendations for the identification of various groups of gifted and talented students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

during the last few decades a change has been taking place in the concepts of giftedness and talent as they are featured in research literature / whereas until ten or fifteen years ago the field was dominated by one-dimensional giftedness concepts and corresponding IQ measurements, a large majority of more recent models are based on multidimensional or multifactorial psychometric concepts of intelligence international trends and topics of recent research on giftedness and talent / psychometric versus cognitive psychological paradigms: different tasks and functions / expert–novice paradigm, cross-cultural and other approaches in the field of giftedness research / desiderata in the research on giftedness and talent [deficiencies in the field of basic research, deficiencies in the field of applied research, desiderata in the research on gifted education, desiderata in the research on gifted identification and counseling, evaluation] / research on giftedness and responsibility (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

After a brief introduction the theoretical basis of the Munich High Ability Test-Battery (MHBT) will be outlined in the first part of the article. The MHBT has been developed in the framework of the Munich longitudinal study of giftedness and talent. The MHBT includes not only cognitive predictors measuring several dimensions and types of giftedness concerning intellectual, creative or social abilities etc., but also giftedness-relevant non-cognitive personality and social moderators measuring interests, motivations, learning emotions, self-concepts or family and school climate, educational style, quality of instruction, etc. The MHBT-instruments (different scales and dimensions) are described in greater detail. In the second part of the article, after dealing with the objectivity, the reliability, and the validity of the MHBT, the authors discuss the standardization procedure including the development of grade-based T-norms respectively as well as several talent-profiles, e.g. of gifted achievers vs. underachievers, intellectual, creative, social talents or linguistic, math, science talent profiles etc. Finally, examples of talent search for gifted programs and case studies on the basis of MHBT should illustrate multidimensional identification procedures. The MHBT fulfills the most relevant assessment tasks belonging to the gifted educational and counseling practice. The usefulness of the MHBT in the framework of giftedness research as well as of gifted program evaluation studies has also been proven in the last decade. Hence the MHBT offers many opportunities to assessing giftedness and talent. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

It is of major importance to use psychological tests and questionnaires that are carefully constructed so that their reliability and validity can be determined in different (sub)cultures (Campbell & Tirri, 2004). However, a necessary prerequisite for this is the development of solid conceptual constructs. Otherwise, the researcher runs into the danger of empirically collecting data and loosing touch with reality. A theory-free empirical approach also makes it difficult to relate findings to other psychological research. We first show why and how the Munich Dynamic Ability-Achievement Model (MDAAM) evolved from the Munich Model of Giftedness (MMG). We will then illustrate how the MDAAM can stimulate and structure theoretical and empirical research. The MDAAM can be used as an integrative model of giftedness, talent, expertise, and achievement and could this way bridge the gap between the process-oriented approaches of cognitive studies as well as expertise research and psychometric studies in the field. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)

Giftedness models published in the last two decades are characterized, almost without exception, by multidimensional and/or typological ability constructs. Two such examples are presented below: the Munich Model of Giftedness (MMG) and the Munich Dynamic Ability-Achievement Model (MDAAM). In the MMG, Heller and Hany (1986) and Heller (1992/2001) conceptualized giftedness or talent as a multifactorized ability construct within a network of noncognitive personality (motivations, learning emotions, control expectations, self-concepts, etc.) and social moderators as well as performance-related (criterion) variables. Diagnosis and intervention examine the difference among predictor, criterion, and moderator variables. In an attempt to forge a bridge between the psychometrically based research into giftedness and the process-oriented expertise research, Perieth (2001) extended the MMG to the MDAAM. An increase degree of expertise influences active learning processes, which in turn influence expansions of knowledge and the acquisition of domain specific competencies. This implies that noncognitive personality characteristics such as interest and task commitment or achievement motivation are to be accorded increased significance regarding talent potential. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

[reports on studies conducted to clarify aspects of the interrelation of strategy use, metamemory, and giftedness] / purpose of study 1 was to investigate whether typical findings on metamemory and strategy use in normal samples can be found in gifted children as well / [Ss were 217 2nd graders and 268 4th graders] study 2 was planned as an intensive study (single experimental sessions) of the strategy behavior and metamemory of [2nd and 4th graders] of different levels of giftedness study 3 [examined] whether (transfer) effects of a metamemorial intervention depend on the level of giftedness [Ss were the same as in study 1] (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

the modern information-processing approach to giftedness suggests a new basis for the classical intelligence vs creativity distinction / it is suggested that, although intelligent people deal with novelty quite efficiently if they have to, they do not deliberately seek out such situations / creative people, on the other hand, are more willing to confront novel tasks, and enjoy tackling them, even though the efficiency with which such tasks are performed is moderate / this thesis is illustrated with experimental evidence [from university school candidates and students and 9th graders], and serves to suggest some new procedures concerning identification of the gifted and stimulation of the human intellect potential (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

[discusses] 4 topics . . . related to the identification of the gifted: (a) stratification of the concept of identification (recognition, determination, verification); (b) cybernetic modelling of identification (identification as process diagnostics); (c) methodological problems of identification (especially the value of teachers' and parents' assessment); and (d) individual and social consequences of labeling (positive and negative experience) (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

discusses . . . interindividual differences which have been proven to be individual prerequisites for eminent performance in many studies / not taking them into consideration, especially at school, causes great problems for the individuals concerned, for example, boredom due to lack of stimulation and social isolation from non-gifted peers / these are exemplified by a number of case studies (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: book)

how does the gifted mind work and develop and how does this translate into neuropsychological findings pertaining to the optimal development and functioning of the neural system giftedness as expert information processing / indications of exceptional ability / degree of lateralization of cerebral functions and giftedness / early signs of giftedness and their impact on family life / need for intellectual stimulation / adjustment of the gifted / time budget and giftedness / developing multiple intelligences / parent–child interaction: encouraging the gifted child / creativity and giftedness / success in life and the importance of mentoring / effects of accelerating the gifted / motivating the gifted: beneficial and adverse conditions (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)

Presents an overview of the Munich Longitudinal Study of Giftedness (K. A. Heller, 1991), focusing on research related to the underlying multidimensional/typological giftedness model. 754 7th graders and 794 9th graders, representing 2 of the 6 cohorts of the original study, responded to tests that included the German Cognitive Abilities Tests (Heller et al, 1985), a questionnaire of social competence, and selected scales of the Munich Activities Inventory. Results suggest that cognitive abilities best predict academic achievements and spare time activities in science, while the creativity measures correlate with school marks in German, arts, and music, as well as with nonacademic achievements in literature, arts, music, and social activities. Attempts to find a giftedness typology were unsuccessful. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)