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  • Most research conducted on counseling the gifted is anecdotal in nature focusing on the experiences of a single counselor. To gain a broader perspective of the topic, this study investigated the effective and ineffective behaviors of school guidance counselors throughout the United States in their interactions with gifted students. The Critical Incident Technique (CIT), as described by John Flanagan (1954), was the main investigative tool of this qualitative study. The steps of this study were (a) review pertinent literature, (b) conduct a pilot study, (c) define the general aim of counseling the gifted, (d) distribute critical incident questionnaires, (e) conduct group CIT interviews with school guidance, (f) analyze the collected critical incidents, and (g) synthesize a model for counseling the gifted. Over 300 critical incidents were sorted into 75 categories and then collapsed into four general areas: educational issues, career issues, social issues, and understanding giftedness. In each area, certain counselor behaviors emerged to meet the general aim of counseling the gifted. In educational issues, the counselor (a) provided appropriate assessment and placement of gifted students and (b) instigated appropriate curricular modifications. In career issues, the counselor guided appropriate career exposure and career path experiences. In social issues, the counselor guided the student in interpersonal relations and guided the student's personal growth. In understanding giftedness, the counselor helped the student understand giftedness in themselves, in the family, and within groups. School guidance counselors reported being effective when they interacted with students in ways consistent with the tenets of gifted education. They were effective when they varied the pace, depth, novelty, or sophistication of their interactions in a manner that matched the student's developmental level and were not bound by traditional ideas of grade or age level. Gifted students seek the help of the school guidance counselor for many issues: issues that all students face, issues that were intensified by their giftedness, and issues that were unique to the gifted. Yet, school guidance counselors reported that they felt ill prepared to meet the needs of the gifted. The effectiveness of the school guidance counselor can be increased by specific training in the characteristics and needs of the gifted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

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