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The development of research on giftedness and on psychological characteristics of the genius could have been limited by the ambiguities present in the field. In fact, giftedness has been referred sometimes to individuals with a high Full Scale Intelligence Quotient, but other times to people with a very high competence in a particular domain. The present paper argues that general intelligence, talent, creativity and genius must be distinguished. In particular, very high general intelligence and very high talent can be understood only within a hierarchical theory of intelligence and the psychological profile of a genius typically involves also creativity and other personality characteristics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract) Resumen en idioma originalIl modesto sviluppo della ricerca sulla plusdotazione ( giftedness) e sulle caratteristiche psicologiche del genio potrebbe anche essere dovuto al fatto che il campo è stato diversamente definito. Infatti talora si è fatto riferimento ad una popolazione con alto Quoziente di Intelligenza Totale, talora invece a popolazioni che presentano un’alta dotazione in ambiti specifici. Il presente intervento parte dalla ipotesi che intelligenza generale, talento, creatività, e personalità geniale vadano distinti. In particolare, superdotazione intellettiva e alto talento possono essere compresi solo all’interno di una teoria gerarchica dell’intelligenza e il profilo psicologico del genio implica tipicamente anche creatività e altre caratteristiche di personalità. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
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Some children may be intellectually gifted, and yet experience behavioral and academic difficulties. We examined 82 twice exceptional children (2e-ADHD), having an excellent General Ability Index (GAI) derived from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (GAI ≥ 125), and a diagnosis of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). They accounted for 8.8% of a large sample of children with ADHD, which is twice as high as the proportion of intellectually gifted children in a typical population. This over-representation does not reflect a misdiagnosis of ADHD, as these children showed the typical features predicted on the grounds of data regarding the ADHD sample, including lower scores in working memory and processing speed measures, combined with the inclusion criteria for giftedness. Based on information concerning intellectually gifted children with either a Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) or typical development, we observed that these characteristics of intelligence are similar to those seen in SLD, but not in typical development, irrespective of whether 2e-ADHD children had a comorbid SLD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
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It has been argued that there may be a higher proportion of exceptional intelligence profiles and giftedness among children with learning disorders (LD) than among typically developing (TD) children, but this impression is only based on anecdotal evidence concerning famous individuals. In a large dataset of 1413 intellectual profiles of children with a diagnosis of LD (assessed with the WISC-IV scale), the proportion of children with an overall intelligence quotient higher than 130 was <1%, well below the proportion expected in the typical population (2.28%). It has been claimed, however, that the WISC-IV general ability index (GAI) may better represent the central aspects of intelligence, particularly in the case of children with LD, and using the GAI criterion, the gifted children amounted to 3.75% of the LD population analyzed. Aspects relating to working memory and processing speed, as measured by the WISC-IV, were also examined, and gifted children with LD had higher scores in both components than the other children with LD, but lower scores than equally “gifted” TD children. The various aspects of intelligence revealed significantly different age-related growth trajectories: at a younger age, gifted children with LD resembled gifted TD children in terms of working memory phonological aspects, but the former fell behind the latter as they grew older; the opposite was true of the processing speed aspects of intelligence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
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