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Studies of drawings by young art students, nonart students, and children who realized their potential for artistic giftedness in adulthood provide clear evidence regarding the effects of advancing knowledge on the development of artistic talent and creativity in children. Focusing on the nature of this artistic experience and developing expertise, this chapter argues that artistic creativity does emerge from measurable interactions between advancing knowledge and visual information processing. Furthermore, the relationships among advanced knowledge in the visual arts, the processing of visual information (i.e., problem finding and reasoning), and creative productivity depend on the task, the behavior monitored, the phase of developing talent, and the expertise that educational intervention can afford. Embracing Gruber's evolving systems approach, a description emerges of the interplay among the young artist's purposeful work, affect, and knowledge of traditional visual arts conventions. The discussion of the early development of artistic talent and creativity articulates the yields of both quantitative and qualitative studies. Studies of the artistic development of groups of children stand against current theories and practice in art education. Identifiable differences do emerge within the context of case studies showing the early roots of children's artistic talent and creativity. The case study of a young artist named Eric later in this chapter is used to exemplify these points. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)
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This chapter focuses on the cognitive components of giftedness in mathematics as postulated in Milgram's multidimensional 4x4 model of the structure of giftedness. The challenge was to develop operational definitions of domain-specific creative ability in mathematics, to assess them reliably, and to investigate their relationship to general creative thinking ability. In addition, the authors investigated the interrelationships between general and specific creative ability in mathematics and general and specific academic ability in mathematics. This required the development of two new instruments to assess domain-specific creativity in mathematics: the Multiscale Academic and Creative Abilities in Mathematics and the Tel Aviv Activities and Accomplishments Inventory: Mathematics. The authors developed two mapping sentences to provide an exact and detailed conceptual description of the postulated academic and creative abilities in mathematics at four levels of understanding. They used the two mapping sentences to guide the process of building the items to assess specific academic and specific creative thinking abilities in mathematics, respectively. In addition, a precise scoring guide was developed to operationally define differences in academic and creative abilities in mathematics between and within four ability levels. The between-level measurement refers to four qualitatively distinct levels of cognitive process ordered by level of difficulty based on an ordinal scale. The within-level measurement refers to eight qualitatively distinct levels of cognitive processes, ordered by degree of complexity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: chapter)
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